Skip to content
2000
Volume 17, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1874-4672
  • E-ISSN: 1874-4702
side by side viewer icon HTML

Abstract

Background

Psoriasis is an acute to chronic multifunctional inflammatory skin disorder mediated through T-cell activation, dendritic cell intervention, local vascular variations, atypical keratinocyte proliferation, and neutrophil activation, leading to a skin disorder with no permanent cure.

Objective

This review aims to find a potent, secure, and dependable medication, with a more scientific examination of herbal resources and recent targeted immunobiological therapies.

Methods

Reports evaluating the effectiveness of biologics & herbal remedies for the topical therapy of psoriasis against control therapies were taken into consideration (placebo or active therapy). The work examined cellular circuits involved in inflammation with its immunogenetic mechanism behind various options available for treating psoriasis in addition to the role of agents inducing psoriasis.

Results

The extent of psoriasis can range from small, localized spots to total body coverage, and it can happen at any stage of life. Several theories exist for clarification however, the exact cause of psoriasis is not entirely understood. Researchers have discovered genetic loci linkages, environmental changes, drug induction, lifestyle conditions, some infections, . resulting in this disorder. There are numerous known conventional medical treatments for psoriasis, ranging from topical and systemic medicines to phototherapy or combinations of both with recent immunobiological treatment. However, the majority of these treatments are ineffective and have a variety of side effects that limit their long-term usage, such as cutaneous atrophy, tissue toxicity, mutagenicity, and immunosuppression.

Conclusion

Herbal extracts or isolated compounds can be considered as a substitute for conventional psoriasis treatment. Unfortunately, many investigations often provide a small amount of facts about the safety and effectiveness of topically applied herbal remedies for the treatment of psoriasis. Thus, further factual evidences and validations are needed to promote herbal options, which must be supported by rigorous animal studies or clinical trials using standardised materials and compositions.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cmp/10.2174/1874467217666230915125613
2024-01-01
2024-11-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/cmp/17/1/e150923221163.html?itemId=/content/journals/cmp/10.2174/1874467217666230915125613&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. ProkschE. BrandnerJ.M. JensenJ.M. The skin: An indispensable barrier.Exp. Dermatol.200817121063107210.1111/j.1600‑0625.2008.00786.x19043850
    [Google Scholar]
  2. GriceE.A. KongH.H. ConlanS. DemingC.B. DavisJ. YoungA.C. BouffardG.G. BlakesleyR.W. MurrayP.R. GreenE.D. TurnerM.L. SegreJ.A. Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome.Science200932459311190119210.1126/science.117170019478181
    [Google Scholar]
  3. SharmaK. Skin permeation of candesartan cilexetil from transdermal patch containing Aloe Vera gel as penetration enhancer.Asian J. Pharm.2016102564
    [Google Scholar]
  4. YangL. FanX. CuiT. DangE. WangG. Nrf2 promotes keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis through up-regulation of keratin 6, keratin 16, and keratin 17.J. Invest. Dermatol.2017137102168217610.1016/j.jid.2017.05.01528576737
    [Google Scholar]
  5. McCormickT. Ayala-FontanezN. SolerD. Current knowledge on psoriasis and autoimmune diseases.Psoriasis2016673210.2147/PTT.S6495029387591
    [Google Scholar]
  6. BenezederT. WolfP. Resolution of plaque-type psoriasis: What is left behind (and reinitiates the disease).Semin. Immunopathol.201941663364410.1007/s00281‑019‑00766‑z31673756
    [Google Scholar]
  7. ZahirA. KavianyP. EhrlichA. Alternative medicine for the treatment of psoriasis.Psoriasis Forum201319a414816410.1177/247553031319a00403
    [Google Scholar]
  8. GaikwadR.G. ShindeA.J. HajareA.A. Herbal treatment for management of psoriasis: An overview.Res J Pharma Technol20221531385139210.52711/0974‑360X.2022.00231
    [Google Scholar]
  9. SharmaK. MittalA. ChauhanN. Aloe vera as penetration enhancer.Int J Drug Dev Res2015713143
    [Google Scholar]
  10. PfaffC.M. MarquardtY. FietkauK. BaronJ.M. LüscherB. The psoriasis-associated IL-17A induces and cooperates with IL-36 cytokines to control keratinocyte differentiation and function.Sci. Rep.2017711563110.1038/s41598‑017‑15892‑729142248
    [Google Scholar]
  11. ByrdA.L. BelkaidY. SegreJ.A. The human skin microbiome.Nat. Rev. Microbiol.201816314315510.1038/nrmicro.2017.15729332945
    [Google Scholar]
  12. WangW.M. JinH.Z. Skin microbiome.Chin. Med. J.20181311959810.4103/0366‑6999.22126929271387
    [Google Scholar]
  13. LewisD.J. ChanW.H. HinojosaT. HsuS. FeldmanS.R. Mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis and the role of the skin microbiome in psoriasis: A review.Clin. Dermatol.201937216016610.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.01.01130981296
    [Google Scholar]
  14. GroganM.D. Bartow-McKenneyC. FlowersL. KnightS.A.B. UberoiA. GriceE.A. Research techniques made simple: Profiling the skin microbiota.J. Invest. Dermatol.20191394747752.e110.1016/j.jid.2019.01.02430904077
    [Google Scholar]
  15. HanniganG.D. GriceE.A. Microbial ecology of the skin in the era of metagenomics and molecular microbiology.Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med.2013312a01536210.1101/cshperspect.a01536224296350
    [Google Scholar]
  16. TodbergT. EgebergA. ZachariaeC. SørensenN. PedersenO. SkovL. Patients with psoriasis have a dysbiotic taxonomic and functional gut microbiota.Br. J. Dermatol.20221871899810.1111/bjd.2124535289939
    [Google Scholar]
  17. RendonA. SchäkelK. Psoriasis pathogenesis and treatment.Int. J. Mol. Sci.2019206147510.3390/ijms2006147530909615
    [Google Scholar]
  18. ChangH.W. YanD. SinghR. LiuJ. LuX. UcmakD. LeeK. AfifiL. FadroshD. LeechJ. VasquezK.S. LoweM.M. RosenblumM.D. ScharschmidtT.C. LynchS.V. LiaoW. Alteration of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis and potential role in Th17 polarization.Microbiome20186115410.1186/s40168‑018‑0533‑130185226
    [Google Scholar]
  19. GriffithsC.E.M. BarkerJ.N.W.N. Pathogenesis and clinical features of psoriasis.Lancet2007370958326327110.1016/S0140‑6736(07)61128‑317658397
    [Google Scholar]
  20. LowesM.A. BowcockA.M. KruegerJ.G. Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis.Nature2007445713086687310.1038/nature0566317314973
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Psoriasis: Pathophysiology and diagnosis.Clin. Pharm.201310.1211/CP.2013.11121702
    [Google Scholar]
  22. LinZ.X. TseW.P. ChengC.H.K. CheC.T. Realgar-derived arsenic compounds induce anti-proliferation and apoptosis on cultured HaCaT keratinocytes.Planta Med.200773(9).10.1055/s‑2007‑987313
    [Google Scholar]
  23. BowcockA.M. KruegerJ.G. Getting under the skin: The immunogenetics of psoriasis.Nat. Rev. Immunol.20055969971110.1038/nri168916138103
    [Google Scholar]
  24. ZhouX. KruegerJ.G. KaoM.C.J. LeeE. DuF. MenterA. WongW.H. BowcockA.M. Novel mechanisms of T-cell and dendritic cell activation revealed by profiling of psoriasis on the 63,100-element oligonucleotide array.Physiol. Genomics2003131697810.1152/physiolgenomics.00157.200212644634
    [Google Scholar]
  25. SampsonJ.H. RamanA. KarlsenG. NavsariaH. LeighI.M. In vitro keratinocyte antiproliferant effect of Centella asiatica extract and triterpenoid saponins.Phytomedicine20018323023510.1078/0944‑7113‑0003211417919
    [Google Scholar]
  26. HuppaJ.B. DavisM.M. T-cell-antigen recognition and the immunological synapse.Nat. Rev. Immunol.200331297398310.1038/nri124514647479
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Al-HarbiN.O. NadeemA. AnsariM.A. Al-HarbiM.M. AlotaibiM.R. AlSaadA.M.S. AhmadS.F. Psoriasis-like inflammation leads to renal dysfunction via upregulation of NADPH oxidases and inducible nitric oxide synthase.Int. Immunopharmacol.2017461810.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.01828249219
    [Google Scholar]
  28. PleńkowskaJ. Gabig-CimińskaM. MozolewskiP. Oxidative stress as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Int. J. Mol. Sci.20202117620610.3390/ijms2117620632867343
    [Google Scholar]
  29. CoimbraS. FigueiredoA. CastroE. Rocha-PereiraP. Santos-SilvaA. The roles of cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Int. J. Dermatol.201251438939810.1111/j.1365‑4632.2011.05154.x22435425
    [Google Scholar]
  30. AlbaB.K. GreaneyJ.L. FergusonS.B. AlexanderL.M. Endothelial function is impaired in the cutaneous microcirculation of adults with psoriasis through reductions in nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation.Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.20183142H343H34910.1152/ajpheart.00446.201729054972
    [Google Scholar]
  31. BrotasA.M. CunhaJ.M.T. LagoE.H.J. MachadoC.C.N. CarneiroS.C.S. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the cytokine network in psoriasis.An. Bras. Dermatol.201287567368310.1590/S0365‑0596201200050000123044557
    [Google Scholar]
  32. ZhouL.L. LinZ.X. FungK.P. ChengC.H.K. CheC.T. ZhaoM. WuS.H. ZuoZ. Celastrol-induced apoptosis in human HaCaT keratinocytes involves the inhibition of NF-κB activity.Eur. J. Pharmacol.20116702-339940810.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.01421951963
    [Google Scholar]
  33. MannR.D. Sclerosing peritonitis associated with practolol.Drug Saf.20062910911101010.2165/00002018‑200629100‑00159
    [Google Scholar]
  34. ZengJ. LuoS. HuangY. LuQ. Critical role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.J. Dermatol.201744886387210.1111/1346‑8138.1380628349593
    [Google Scholar]
  35. AwadV.M. SakhamuruS. KambampatiS. WasimS. MalikB.H. Mechanisms of beta-blocker induced psoriasis, and psoriasis de novo at the cellular level.Cureus2020127e896410.7759/cureus.896432766006
    [Google Scholar]
  36. TomotakaM. HanakoY. Exacerbation of psoriasis confirmed by drug challenge test of lithium carbonate.ARC J. Dermatol.20161(3)10.20431/2456‑0022.0103002
    [Google Scholar]
  37. AlmeidaD. MarinhoG. MaiaT. P.0530 Lithium-induced psoriasis: A clinical conundrum.Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.202153S390S39110.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.501
    [Google Scholar]
  38. BalakD. HajdarbegovicE. Drug-induced psoriasis: Clinical perspectives.Psoriasis20177879410.2147/PTT.S12672729387611
    [Google Scholar]
  39. TsaiY.C. TsaiT.F. A review of antibiotics and psoriasis: Induction, exacerbation, and amelioration.Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol.2019121098198910.1080/17512433.2019.166502731498683
    [Google Scholar]
  40. PremkumarB. A Review on allopathic and herbal remedies for psoriasis.Int. J. Front. Sci. Tech.201754115
    [Google Scholar]
  41. MiroddiM. NavarraM. CalapaiF. MancariF. GiofrèS.V. GangemiS. CalapaiG. Review of clinical pharmacology of Aloe vera L. in the treatment of psoriasis.Phytother. Res.201529564865510.1002/ptr.531625756474
    [Google Scholar]
  42. SteeleT. RogersC.J. JacobS.E. Herbal remedies for psoriasis: What are our patients taking?Dermatol. Nurs.2007195448450, 457-46318286859
    [Google Scholar]
  43. TabassumN. HamdaniM. Plants used to treat skin diseases.Pharmacogn. Rev.2014815526010.4103/0973‑7847.12553124600196
    [Google Scholar]
  44. OsterneV.J.S. OliveiraM.V. De SchutterK. SernaS. ReichardtN.C. SmaggheG. CavadaB.S. Van DammeE.J.M. NascimentoK.S. A galactoside-specific dalbergieae legume lectin from seeds of vataireopsis araroba (aguiar) ducke.Glycoconj. J.2023401859510.1007/s10719‑022‑10082‑836287345
    [Google Scholar]
  45. JaneczekM. MoyL. LakeE.P. SwanJ. Review of the efficacy and safety of topical mahonia aquifolium for the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol.20181112424730666279
    [Google Scholar]
  46. KeserogluH. O. GonulM. Traditional topical herbal therapies in psoriasis.Tang20144423.123.810.5667/tang.2014.0027
    [Google Scholar]
  47. LinY.K. ChangC.J. ChangY.C. WongW.R. ChangS.C. PangJ.H.S. Clinical assessment of patients with recalcitrant psoriasis in a randomized, observer-blind, vehicle-controlled trial using indigo naturalis.Arch. Dermatol.2008144111457146410.1001/archderm.144.11.145719015420
    [Google Scholar]
  48. PavlotskyF. SakkaN. LozinskiA. BarzilaiA. Bath psoralen-UVA photochemotherapy for localized scleroderma: Experience from a single institute.Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed.201329524725210.1111/phpp.1206324001380
    [Google Scholar]
  49. HermanA. HermanA. Topically used herbal products for the treatment of psoriasis - mechanism of action, drug delivery, clinical studies.Planta Med.201682171447145510.1055/s‑0042‑11517727574899
    [Google Scholar]
  50. HARIKAC. SRINIVASL. Formulation of quercetin ointment for the management of psoriasis.Int J Pharmaceut Res202315(3).10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.02.247
    [Google Scholar]
  51. FarahnikB. SharmaD. AlbanJ. SivamaniR.K. Topical botanical agents for the treatment of psoriasis: A systematic review.Am. J. Clin. Dermatol.201718445146810.1007/s40257‑017‑0266‑028289986
    [Google Scholar]
  52. HoffmannJ. GendrischF. SchemppC.M. WölfleU. New herbal biomedicines for the topical treatment of dermatological disorders.Biomedicines2020822710.3390/biomedicines802002732046246
    [Google Scholar]
  53. DengS. MayB.H. ZhangA.L. LuC. XueC.C.L. Topical herbal formulae in the management of psoriasis: Systematic review with meta-analysis of clinical studies and investigation of the pharmacological actions of the main herbs.Phytother. Res.201428448049710.1002/ptr.502823817996
    [Google Scholar]
  54. RautG. WairkarS. Management of psoriasis with nutraceuticals: An update.Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract.201831253010.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.00729705464
    [Google Scholar]
  55. SondhiS. SinghN. JindalS. Natural remedies used in the treatment of psoriasis: A short review.Asian J Pharmaceut Res2021111434510.5958/2231‑5691.2021.00009.5
    [Google Scholar]
  56. NajafizadehP. HashemianF. MansouriP. FarshiS. SurmaghiM.S. ChalangariR. The evaluation of the clinical effect of topical St Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in plaque type psoriasis vulgaris: A pilot study.Australas. J. Dermatol.201253213113510.1111/j.1440‑0960.2012.00877.x22571563
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Di NardoV. GianfaldoniS. TchernevG. WollinaU. BaryginaV. LottiJ. DaaboulF. LottiT. Use of curcumin in psoriasis.Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci.20186121822010.3889/oamjms.2018.05529484027
    [Google Scholar]
  58. DaniyalM. AkramM. ZainabR. MunirN. ShahS.M.A. LiuB. WangW. RiazM. JabeenF. Progress and prospects in the management of psoriasis and developments in phyto-therapeutic modalities.Dermatol. Ther.2019323e1286610.1111/dth.1286630838736
    [Google Scholar]
  59. SinghalM. KansaraN. Cassia tora linn cream inhibits ultraviolet-B-induced psoriasis in rats.ISRN Dermatol.201220121610.5402/2012/34651022536527
    [Google Scholar]
  60. VijayalakshmiA. MadhiraG. Anti-psoriatic activity of flavonoids from Cassia tora leaves using the rat ultraviolet B ray photodermatitis model.Rev. Bras. Farmacogn.201424332232910.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.010
    [Google Scholar]
  61. Areces-BerazainF. Kigelia Africana (Sausage Tree).CABI Compendium202210.1079/cabicompendium.29403
    [Google Scholar]
  62. MarbaniangD. DasA.K. PalP. GogoiN.R. SaikiaA. RayS. MazumderB. Novel delivery technologies: Triggering the biopharmaceutical potential of boswellic acids.Nat. Prod. J.202212.10.2174/2210315512666220630105018
    [Google Scholar]
  63. PalaniswamyD. NithyananthamM. RaghuP.S. DwarampudiL.P. Antipsoriatic activity and cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds.Pharmacogn. Mag.201283226827210.4103/0973‑1296.10365024082629
    [Google Scholar]
  64. NiculetE. RadaschinD. NastaseF. DraganescuM. BaroiuL. MiulescuM. ArbuneM. TatuA. Influence of phytochemicals in induced psoriasis (Review).Exp. Ther. Med.20202043421342410.3892/etm.2020.901332905089
    [Google Scholar]
  65. MohamadH.S. WenliS. QiC. Tremendous health benefits and clinical aspects of Smilax china.Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.2019131625325810.5897/AJPP2019.5070
    [Google Scholar]
  66. ChavhanA. Study of anti-psoriatic activity and evaluation of E2A gene expression for psoriasis levels by RT-PCR of thespesia populnea L. methanolic leaf extract.Int. J. Life Sci.201861612
    [Google Scholar]
  67. AlgahtaniM.S. AhmadM.Z. NoureinI.H. AhmadJ. Co-delivery of imiquimod and curcumin by nanoemugel for improved topical delivery and reduced psoriasis-like skin lesions.Biomolecules202010796810.3390/biom1007096832605030
    [Google Scholar]
  68. DongJ. GoldenbergG. New biologics in psoriasis: An update on IL-23 and IL-17 inhibitors.Cutis201799212312728319618
    [Google Scholar]
  69. YadavK. SinghD. SinghM.R. Novel archetype in psoriasis management bridging molecular dynamics in exploring novel therapies.Eur. J. Pharmacol.202190717425410.1016/j.ejphar.2021.17425434118225
    [Google Scholar]
  70. CaponF. The genetic basis of psoriasis.Int. J. Mol. Sci.20171812252610.3390/ijms1812252629186830
    [Google Scholar]
  71. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of a D-galactose-rich polysaccharide extracted from aloe vera leaves.Adv Appl Chem Biochem201811182610.33513/ACBC/1801‑03
    [Google Scholar]
  72. DhanabalS.P. Priyanka DwarampudiL. MurugananthamN. VadivelanR. Evaluation of the antipsoriatic activity of Aloe vera leaf extract using a mouse tail model of psoriasis.Phytother. Res.201226461761910.1002/ptr.358921915932
    [Google Scholar]
  73. SmithN. WeymannA. TauskF.A. GelfandJ.M. Complementary and alternative medicine for psoriasis: A qualitative review of the clinical trial literature.J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.200961584185610.1016/j.jaad.2009.04.02919664846
    [Google Scholar]
  74. SehgalV.N. VermaP. KhuranaA. Anthralin/dithranol in dermatology.Int. J. Dermatol.20145310e449e46010.1111/j.1365‑4632.2012.05611.x25208745
    [Google Scholar]
  75. Gayoor khanM. UmamaY. KUMARA. Ethnopharmacological studies of argemone mexicana for the management of psoriasis followed by molecular techniques: Focus on plant metabolomics & mechanism of action.SSRN Elec J2019510.2139/ssrn.3557501
    [Google Scholar]
  76. ZhangQ. XieJ. LiG. WangF. LinJ. YangM. DuA. ZhangD. HanL. Psoriasis treatment using Indigo Naturalis: Progress and strategy.J. Ethnopharmacol.202229711552210.1016/j.jep.2022.11552235872288
    [Google Scholar]
  77. SrinivasanK. Biological activities of red pepper ( capsicum annuum ) and its pungent principle capsaicin: A review.Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.20165691488150010.1080/10408398.2013.77209025675368
    [Google Scholar]
  78. DraelosZ.D. The efficacy and tolerability of turmeric and salicylic acid in psoriasis treatment.Psoriasis202212637110.2147/PTT.S36044835516971
    [Google Scholar]
  79. BahrainiP. RajabiM. MansouriP. SarafianG. ChalangariR. AzizianZ. Turmeric tonic as a treatment in scalp psoriasis: A randomized placebo-control clinical trial.J. Cosmet. Dermatol.201817346146610.1111/jocd.1251329607625
    [Google Scholar]
  80. WölfleU. SeelingerG. SchemppC. Topical Application of St. Johnʼs Wort (Hypericum Perforatum).Planta Med20138002/0310912010.1055/s‑0033‑1351019
    [Google Scholar]
  81. MartinG. A phase II placebo-controlled study of photodynamic therapy with topical hypericin and visible light irradiation in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and psoriasis.Yearbook Dermatol Dermatol Sur2012201245445510.1016/j.yder.2011.09.033
    [Google Scholar]
  82. NguyenT.A. EichenfieldL.F. Commentary on “Review of curcumin, indigo naturalis, and aloe vera in psoriasis treatment”.Psoriasis Forum201521a191010.1177/247553031521a00102
    [Google Scholar]
  83. BernsteinS. DonskyH. GulliverW. HamiltonD. NobelS. NormanR. Treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis with Reliéva, a Mahonia aquifolium extract--a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Am. J. Ther.200613212112610.1097/00045391‑200603000‑0000716645428
    [Google Scholar]
  84. KaurA. KumarS. Plants and plant products with potential antipsoriatic activity - a review.Pharm. Biol.201250121573159110.3109/13880209.2012.69043022971237
    [Google Scholar]
  85. LeeC.L. WangC.M. HuH.C. YenH.R. SongY.C. YuS.J. ChenC.J. LiW.C. WuY.C. Indole alkaloids indigodoles A–C from aerial parts of Strobilanthes cusia in the traditional Chinese medicine Qing Dai have anti-IL-17 properties.Phytochemistry2019162394610.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.01630852259
    [Google Scholar]
  86. SrivastavaA. NagarH. ChandelH. RanawatM. Antipsoriatic activity of ethanolic extract of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz flowers in a novel in vivo screening model.Indian J. Pharmacol.201648553153610.4103/0253‑7613.19074027721539
    [Google Scholar]
  87. PasutG. Pegylation of biological molecules and potential benefits: Pharmacological properties of certolizumab pegol.BioDrugs201428S1152310.1007/s40259‑013‑0064‑z24687235
    [Google Scholar]
  88. PappK.A. GriffithsC.E.M. GordonK. LebwohlM. SzaparyP.O. WasfiY. ChanD. HsuM.C. HoV. GhislainP.D. StroberB. ReichK. Long-term safety of ustekinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: Final results from 5 years of follow-up.Br. J. Dermatol.2013168484485410.1111/bjd.1221423301632
    [Google Scholar]
  89. Anon. Long-term safety of adalimumab in clinical trials for adult patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.2016745AB25910.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1005
    [Google Scholar]
  90. ArmstrongA.W. ReadC. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis.JAMA2020323191945196010.1001/jama.2020.400632427307
    [Google Scholar]
  91. CarreteroG. RiberaM. BelinchónI. CarrascosaJ.M. PuigL. FerrandizC. DehesaL. VidalD. PeralF. JorqueraE. González-QuesadaA. MuñozC. NotarioJ. VanaclochaF. MorenoJ.C. Guidelines for the use of acitretin in psoriasis.Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas2013104759861610.1016/j.adengl.2013.01.00123891453
    [Google Scholar]
  92. ReichK. GooderhamM. ThaçiD. CrowleyJ.J. RyanC. KruegerJ.G. TsaiT.F. FlackM. GuY. WilliamsD.A. ThompsonE.H.Z. PaulC. Risankizumab compared with adalimumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (IMMvent): A randomised, double-blind, active-comparator-controlled phase 3 trial.Lancet20193941019857658610.1016/S0140‑6736(19)30952‑331280967
    [Google Scholar]
  93. MayasariR. Advances in psoriasis biological agent.Arkus2019516870
    [Google Scholar]
  94. PallerA. NardiR. DoH. RehaA. ViereckC. LagastH. GaultJ. CastelliJ. BarthJ. 701 Investigation of the absorption of allantoin in vitro skin models to support wound healing.J. Invest. Dermatol.20171375S12010.1016/j.jid.2017.02.724
    [Google Scholar]
  95. LebwohlM. AliS. Treatment of psoriasis. Part 1. Topical therapy and phototherapy.J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.200145448750210.1067/mjd.2001.11704611568737
    [Google Scholar]
  96. RajagopalanM. DograS. SaraswatA. VarmaS. BanodkarP. The use of apremilast in psoriasis: An indian perspective on real-world scenarios.Psoriasis20211110912210.2147/PTT.S32081034430450
    [Google Scholar]
  97. FoulkesA.C. WarrenR.B. Brodalumab in psoriasis: Evidence to date and clinical potential.Drugs Cont2019811110.7573/dic.21257031024633
    [Google Scholar]
  98. SegaertS. DuvoldL.B. Calcipotriol cream: A review of its use in the management of psoriasis.J. Dermatolog. Treat.200617632733710.1080/0954663060099921917853305
    [Google Scholar]
  99. SubediS. GongY. ChenY. ShiY. Infliximab and biosimilar infliximab in psoriasis: Efficacy, loss of efficacy, and adverse events.Drug Des. Devel. Ther.2019132491250210.2147/DDDT.S20014731413544
    [Google Scholar]
  100. AugustinM. JullienD. MartinA. PeraltaC. 18540 Real-world evidence of secukinumab in psoriasis treatment: A meta-analysis of 43 studies.J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.2020836AB10210.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.494
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Rodríguez BaisiK. TollefsonM. Tapinarof to treat psoriasis.Drugs Today202056851553010.1358/dot.2020.56.8.316844733025947
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Bagel Adjunctive use of halobetasol propionate-tazarotene in biologic-experienced patients with psoriasis.Cutis2022109(2).10.12788/cutis.0451
    [Google Scholar]
  103. CalixtoJ.B. Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents).Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res.200033217918910.1590/S0100‑879X200000020000410657057
    [Google Scholar]
  104. TseW.P. CheC.T. LiuK. LinZ.X. Evaluation of the anti-proliferative properties of selected psoriasis-treating Chinese medicines on cultured HaCaT cells.J. Ethnopharmacol.2006108113314110.1016/j.jep.2006.04.02316730935
    [Google Scholar]
  105. BansalR. SharmaR.B. AgarwalS. Topical delivery of papain for management of psoriasis: Formulation development and assessment of anti-proliferative activity using HaCaT cell line.Indian Drugs202360267310.53879/id.60.02.13102
    [Google Scholar]
  106. WinemanE. DouglasI. WinemanV. SharovaK. JasparsM. MeshnerS. BentwichZ. CohenG. ShteviA. Commiphora gileadensis sap extract induces cell cycle-dependent death in immortalized keratinocytes and human dermoid carcinoma cells.J. Herb. Med.20155419920610.1016/j.hermed.2015.08.001
    [Google Scholar]
  107. JindalS. AwasthiR. SingareD. KulkarniG.T. Isolation, characterization and evaluation of anti-proliferative properties of andrographolide isolated from on cultured HaCaT cells.Herba Pol.2021671354510.2478/hepo‑2021‑0002
    [Google Scholar]
  108. BaiD. ChengX. LiQ. ZhangB. ZhangY. LuF. SunT. HaoJ. Eupatilin inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice via the p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol.202345213313910.1080/08923973.2022.212192836305632
    [Google Scholar]
  109. HoffmanM.B. HillD. FeldmanS.R. Current challenges and emerging drug delivery strategies for the treatment of psoriasis.Expert Opin. Drug Deliv.201613101461147310.1080/17425247.2016.118880127164301
    [Google Scholar]
  110. VideJ. MaginaS. Moderate to severe psoriasis treatment challenges through the era of biological drugs.An. Bras. Dermatol.201792566867410.1590/abd1806‑4841.2017560329166504
    [Google Scholar]
  111. TsouW.H. HeinrichM. BookerA. Chinese and western herbal medicines for the topical treatment of psoriasis - A critical review of efficacy and safety.J. Herb. Med.20223410057910.1016/j.hermed.2022.100579
    [Google Scholar]
  112. AsadullahK. DöckeW.D. SabatR. EbelingM. VolkH.D. SterryW. Interleukin-10 in der dermatologie.Hautarzt1999501121910.1007/s00105005085810068926
    [Google Scholar]
  113. IzzoA.A. Hoon-KimS. RadhakrishnanR. WilliamsonE.M. A critical approach to evaluating clinical efficacy, adverse events and drug interactions of herbal remedies.Phytother. Res.201630569170010.1002/ptr.559126887532
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cmp/10.2174/1874467217666230915125613
Loading
/content/journals/cmp/10.2174/1874467217666230915125613
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:
    Review Article
Keyword(s): Clinical study; Herbal drugs; Inflammation; Keratinocyte; Proliferation; Psoriasis
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test