Microwave Induced Green Chemistry Approach Towards the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds via C-N Bond Forming Reactions

The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds via carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bond formation reaction is considered an emerging and efficient protocol in the field of synthetic chemistry. The C– N bond-forming reactions can proceed through condensation, coupling, ring-opening, cyclization, or ring closure process, etc. The reactivity pattern of these reactions mainly depends upon the reaction conditions, as well as the type of catalysts and reacting substances that are associated with the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds containing the C-N system, including pyrazole, imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, tetrazole, isoxazole, benzothiazine, and benzimidazole, etc. Further, the technique of microwave-induced synthesis becomes an alternative strategy for the sustainable production of structurally diverse organic compounds. This method provides a cleaner reaction, faster reaction rate, atom economy, and energy-efficiency. Therefore, the utilization of microwave radiation in organic synthesis becomes resource-friendly and eco-friendly proces. It follows the green chemistry approach by using safer solvents, renewable starting materials, and green catalysts. The unique feature of this method is to generate various types of bioactive or medicinal agents.