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- Volume 20, Issue 3, 2013
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Volume 20, Issue 3, 2013
Volume 20, Issue 3, 2013
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A Genetic Dissection of Antipsychotic Induced Movement Disorders
Authors: C. Crisafulli, A. Drago, A. Sidoti and A. SerrettiBackground. Antipsychotic medications (APM) are the first line pharmacological treatment for psychotic disorders and other behavioral disorders. Nevertheless, their use causes a number of side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). EPS decrease the efficacy of the antipsychotic treatments by causing poorer compliance to the treatment, stigma and a poorer quality of life for patients. Genetic studies hold the pot Read More
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Neurotransmitters, Psychotropic Drugs and Microglia: Clinical Implications for Psychiatry
Authors: T. A. Kato, Y. Yamauchi, H. Horikawa, A. Monji, Y. Mizoguchi, Y. Seki, K. Hayakawa, H. Utsumi and S. KanbaPsychiatric disorders have long and dominantly been regarded to be induced by disturbances of neuronal networks including synapses and neurotransmitters. Thus, the effects of psychotropic drugs such as antipsychotics and antidepressants have been understood to modulate synaptic regulation via receptors and transporters of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. Recently, microglia, immunological/infl Read More
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Effects of Antipsychotics on the BDNF in Schizophrenia
By T. L. HuangBrain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is involved in the development of the brain, and likely influences the neuroplasticity in schizophrenia. BDNF is also believed to interact with other neurotransmitter systems implicated in schizophrenia, such as dopamine, glutamate, serotonin and GABA. Therefore, BDNF is a candidate gene for schizophrenia. In past decades, the blood (serum or plasma) BDNF protein levels and BDNF gen Read More
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Recent Developments in Neurochemical Imaging in Schizophrenia: An Update
Authors: Nora S. Vyas, Neva H. Patel, Peter Herscovitch, Basant K. Puri and Rupert LanzenbergerThe advent of neurochemical brain imaging methods has provided an opportunity to study the neurochemistry of the human brain in normal and abnormal development. The aim of this article is to provide an update on recent major developments in neurochemical imaging in schizophrenia research. In this concise review, we discuss the major findings on three neurotransmitters, namely dopamine, serotonin and glutamate. Read More
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Facilitative Effect of Serotonin1A Receptor Agonists on Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: T. Sumiyoshi and Y. HiguchiDisturbances of cognitive function are considered to largely affect the outcome in patients with schizophrenia. There is much attention to the role of psychotropic compounds acting on serotonin (5-HT) receptors in ameliorating cognitive deficits of the disease. Among the 5-HT receptor subtypes, the 5-HT1A receptor is attracting particular interests as a potential target for enhancing cognition, based on preclinical and cli Read More
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The Role of GABA-A Receptor in the Synergism Between SSRI and Antipsychotic in Schizophrenia; Implications for Antipsychotic Modes of Actions
Authors: Henry Silver, Reef Einoch, Moussa Youdim and Orly WeinrebAntipsychotics, old and new varieties, are effective against positive symptoms such as hallucination and delusions, but are often of limited value in treating core features of schizophrenia particularly negative symptoms. Developments of new drugs based on current dogmas have produced similar drugs with no breakthroughs in effectiveness. New knowledge as to which mechanisms are responsible for symptom productions Read More
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Serotonin Receptors of Type 6 (5-HT6): From Neuroscience to Clinical Pharmacology
The serotonin (5-HT) receptors of type 6 (5-HT6) are quite different from all other 5-HT receptors, as they include a short third cytoplasmatic loop and a long C-terminal tail, and one intron located in the middle of the third cytoplasmatic loop. A lot of controversies still exist regarding their binding affinity, effects of 5-HT6 ligands on brain catecholamines, behavioral syndromes regulated by them, and brain distribution. In spi Read More
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Molecular Imaging PET and SPECT Approaches for Improving Productivity of Antipsychotic Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: A. M. Catafau and S. BullichThe need for innovation in research is leading to an increased use of imaging biomarkers, which have shown to reduce timings and increase productivity, thus saving costs. PET and SPECT neurotransmission imaging has shown usefulness in the discovery and development of drugs for the central nervous system, providing unique information on drug-target interactions in the living human brain. Among the different therape Read More
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Neurobiological Basis of Dyskinetic Effects Induced by Antipsychotics: the Contribution of Animal Models
Authors: Meaghan C. Creed and Jose N. NobregaTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder characterized by abnormal involuntary facial movements induced by chronic therapy with classical antipsychotic medications. Currently, there is no satisfactory pharmacotherapy for TD, which represents a major limitation to therapy with classical antipsychotics. In order to develop or optimize therapies for TD, and to develop new APDs with lower indices of motor side effects, the p Read More
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Abnormal Striatal Dopamine Transmission in Schizophrenia
Authors: Jerome Brunelin, Shirley Fecteau and Marie-Francoise Suaud-ChagnyDespite numerous revisions and reformulations, dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia remains a pivotal neurochemical hypothesis of this illness. The aim of this review is to expose and discuss findings from positron emission tomography (PET) or singlephoton- emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies investigating DA function in the striatum of medicated, drug-naive or drug-free patients with schizophrenia Read More
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Transcranial Brain Stimulation in Schizophrenia: Targeting Cortical Excitability, Connectivity and Plasticity
Authors: A. Hasan, P. Falkai and T. WobrockTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a very popular tool used within neuroscience. This and other associated techniques allow the in vivo investigation of cortical excitability, cortical connectivity and cortical plasticity. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder and various theories other than the dopamine hypothesis have been developed to describe its underlying neurobiology. Supported by animal and post mortem studies, findi Read More
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Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Changes After Antipsychotic Treatment
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) enables the observation of brain function in vivo. Several brain metabolites can be measured by the means of 1H MRS: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (mI) and glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and GABA (together as Glx complex or separately). 1H MRS measures have been found to be abnormal in psychotic disorders such as schizo Read More
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Antipsychotic Drug Effects in Schizophrenia: A Review of Longitudinal fMRI Investigations and Neural Interpretations
Authors: C. C. Abbott, A. Jaramillo, C. E. Wilcox and D. A. HamiltonThe evidence that antipsychotics improve brain function and reduce symptoms in schizophrenia is unmistakable, but how antipsychotics change brain function is poorly understood, especially within neuronal systems. In this review, we investigated the hypothesized normalization of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygen level dependent signal in the context of antipsychotic treatment. First, we c Read More
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Volumetric Changes in the Basal Ganglia After Antipsychotic Monotherapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: B. H. Ebdrup, H. Norbak, S. Borgwardt and B. GlenthojIntroduction: Exposure to antipsychotic medication has been extensively associated with structural brain changes in the basal ganglia (BG). Traditionally antipsychotics have been divided into first and second generation antipsychotics (FGAs and SGAs) however, the validity of this classification has become increasingly controversial. To address if specific antipsychotics induce differential effects on BG volumes or wh Read More
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Systematic Review of the Influence of Antipsychotics on the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Signal of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: C. H. Roder, S. Dieleman, F. M. van der Veen and D. LindenFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) is a non-invasive technique for brain mapping and mostly performed using changes of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)–signal. It has been widely used to investigate patients with schizophrenia. Most of the studies examine patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, although little is known about the effects of these drugs on the BOLDsignal. Here we examined studies Read More
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A General Approach for Combining Voxel-Based Meta-Analyses Conducted in Different Neuroimaging Modalities
Authors: J. Radua, M. Romeo, D. Mataix-Cols and P. Fusar-PoliMeta-analyses are useful to summarize the exponential amount of inconsistent and conflicting neuroimaging data. However, they are usually separately conducted for each different neuroimaging modality, preventing the multimodal integration of different imaging findings in a given neuropsychiatric disorder. Here, we describe an innovative method to meta-analytically combine the results of different imaging modalit Read More
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Do Subjects at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Differ from those with a Genetic High Risk? - A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities
Authors: R. Smieskova, J. Marmy, A. Schmidt, K. Bendfeldt, A. Riecher-Rossler, M. Walter, U. E. Lang and S. BorgwardtIntroduction: Pre-psychotic and early psychotic characteristics are investigated in the high-risk (HR) populations for psychosis. There are two different approaches based either on hereditary factors (genetic high risk, G-HR) or on the clinically manifested symptoms (clinical high risk, C-HR). Common features are an increased risk for development of psychosis and similar cognitive as well as structural and functional brain abn Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 32 (2025)
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Volume (2025)
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Volume 31 (2024)
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Volume 30 (2023)
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Volume 29 (2022)
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Volume 28 (2021)
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Volume 27 (2020)
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Volume 26 (2019)
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Volume 25 (2018)
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Volume 24 (2017)
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Volume 23 (2016)
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Volume 22 (2015)
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Volume 21 (2014)
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Volume 20 (2013)
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Volume 19 (2012)
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Volume 18 (2011)
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Volume 17 (2010)
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Volume 16 (2009)
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Volume 15 (2008)
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Volume 14 (2007)
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Volume 13 (2006)
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Volume 12 (2005)
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Volume 11 (2004)
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Volume 10 (2003)
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Volume 9 (2002)
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Volume 8 (2001)
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Volume 7 (2000)
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