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Volume 25, Issue 15
  • ISSN: 1389-4501
  • E-ISSN: 1873-5592

Abstract

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury refers to the tissue damage that happens when blood flow returns to tissue after a period of ischemia. I/R injuries are implicated in a large array of pathological conditions, such as cerebral, myocardial, renal, intestinal, retinal and hepatic ischemia. The hallmark of these pathologies is excessive inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognized as significant contributors to inflammation caused by pathogens and, more recently, inflammation caused by injury. TLR-4 activation initiates a series of events that results in activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, exacerbating tissue injury. Therefore, through a comprehensive review of current research and experimentation, this investigation elucidates the TLRs signalling pathway and the role of TLR-4/NF-κB in the pathophysiology of I/R injuries. Furthermore, this review highlights the various pharmacological agents (TLR-4/NF-κB inhibitors) with special emphasis on the various ischemic injuries (cerebral, myocardial, renal, intestinal, retinal and hepatic). Future research should prioritise investigating the specific molecular pathways that cause TLR-4/NF-κB- mediated inflammation in ischemic injuries. Additionally, efforts should be made to enhance treatment approaches in order to enhance patient outcomes.

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2024-09-13
2024-11-22

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/content/journals/cdt/10.2174/0113894501322228240830063605
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Therapeutic Correlation of TLR-4 Mediated NF-κB Inflammatory Pathways in Ischemic Injuries
Curr Drug Targets 25, 1027 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501322228240830063605
/content/journals/cdt/10.2174/0113894501322228240830063605
/content/journals/cdt/10.2174/0113894501322228240830063605
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): cell survival; cerebral ischemia; intestinal ischemia; Ischemia-reperfusion; retinal ischemia; toll-like receptors

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