The Genetic Diversity of Proteasome Genes in the T1DM Polish Population

Background: Autoimmune metabolic diseases generate numerous healthy and social problems. The possible association of SNPs in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) with human pathology is under intensive study. Objective: In the present study, the genetic variations in PSMB5 (rs11543947), PSMA6 (rs2277460, rs1048990), PSMC6 (rs2295826, rs2295827) and PSMA3 (rs2348071) UPS gene cluster was investigated in type 1 diabetes and healthy donors in the Polish population. Methods: The study comprised 105 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 214 controls. All were genotyped by PCR and restriction digestion analysis or Sanger sequencing. Results: Rs1048990 and rs2348071 were found to be neutral to T1DM (p-value: 0.499 and 0.656, respectively). According to the multiple loci genotype (MLG) analysis, the major homozygote of the tested polymorphisms had a protective effect. The most common MLG in the T1DM group was characterised by simultaneous risk factors at rs11543947, rs2277460, rs2295826 and rs2295827 (pvalue: <0.0001 vs. MGL1). Multiple locus haplotype analysis revealed a similar dependence, with common alleles at all tested loci demonstrating a protective effect, and the rare alleles increasing T1DM risk (p-value: <0.0001 vs. MLH1). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the proteasome gene polymorphisms rs11543947, rs2277460, rs2295826, and rs2295827 could be potential markers for T1DM susceptibility in the Polish population.