Current Drug Metabolism - Volume 21, Issue 11, 2020

Background: Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of 70-80% of the currently used medications, including proton pump inhibitors. There are some data analyzing the impact of gene polymorphisms of CYP450 enzymes on most widely used PPIs, such as omeprazole, however, the data on pantoprazole are highly lacking. Objective: To summarize the most recent publications and studies on Read More

Background: Oral administration of medications and current oral modified-release systems are the most preferred drug delivery routes, but they provide efficacy up to 12-24 hours per administration and are not useful when the patient has short transit time. The once-daily administered formulations are the endpoint of many types of drug development, and some innovations in capsule endoscopy (CE) can solve this probl Read More

Background: Adequate bowel cleansing is essential in achieving a good quality colonoscopy. However, one of the barriers to achieving high-quality bowel cleansing is the patient's tolerability. Different bowel preparations have been developed to improve tolerability while maintaining adequate bowel cleansing. Objectives: We aim to explore the pros and cons of commonly used bowel preparations, particularly highlighting the ne Read More

Endoscopy is in a period of continuous innovations in terms of image quality, endoscopes, post-processing software and lastly, application of Artificial Intelligence. Therapeutic boundaries have expanded, widening the grey zone between endoscopy and surgery, and increasing endoscopic approaches in clinical scenarios where, until a few years ago, surgery was the only option. New scopes and accessories have made it ea Read More

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the world’s most common cancers. For over ten years, the only medical treatment for it has been the multikinase inhibitor Sorafenib. Currently, however, other first or second-line therapeutic options have also shown efficacy against HCC, such as multikinase inhibitors (Regorafenib, Lenvatinib, and Cabozantinib), a monoclonal antibody against the vascular endothelial growt Read More

Background: Surfactants are an important category of additives that are used widely in most of the formulations as solubilizers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. Current drug delivery systems comprise of numerous synthetic surfactants (such as Cremophor EL, polysorbate 80, Transcutol-P), which are associated with several side effects though used in many formulations. Therefore, to attenuate the problems associated with Read More

Background: Among all cancers, lung cancer has high mortality among patients in most of the countries in the world. Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs can significantly reduce the side effects and dramatically improve the effects of the treatment. Folate, a suitable ligand, can be modified to the surface of tumor-selective drug delivery systems because it can selectively bind to the folate receptor, which is highly ex Read More