Current Drug Metabolism - Volume 20, Issue 11, 2019

Background: Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1), an important membrane transport protein, mediates the translocation of monocarboxylates together with protons across biological membranes. Due to its pathological significance, MCT1 plays an important role in the progression of some diseases, such as brain diseases and cancers. Methods: We summarize the general description of MCT1 and provide a comprehensive u Read More

Background: Liver injury induced by drugs has become a primary reason for acute liver disease and therefore posed a potential regulatory and clinical challenge over the past few decades and has gained much attention. It also remains the most common cause of failure of drugs during clinical trials. In 50% of all acute liver failure cases, drug-induced hepatoxicity is the primary factor and 5% of all hospital admissions. Me Read More

Background: Prevention is the primary strategy to avoid the occurrence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Generally, the concentrations of tumor markers tested during the diagnosis and believed to assist the detection of disease in the early stages of cancer. Some of the biomarkers are also important during treatment and real-time monitoring of the progress of treatment. Methods: We considered a rationale search of key re Read More

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a common disease affecting many patients. This disease is treated by azathioprine and TPMT genetic polymorphism affecting the patient’s tolerance. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of TMPT genotyping in reducing the incidence of adverse effects of azathioprine. Methods: One hundred and forty-one IBD patients were followed for azathioprine Adverse Read More

Background: Cotrimoxazole (TMP-SMX) is concomitantly used as a primary prophylaxis of opportunistic infections with antiretroviral agents, such as Atazanavir (ATV). Results from an ex vivo study showed changes in intestinal absorption of ATV when rats were pretreated with TMP-SMX. The objective of this in vivo study is to determine the effect of TMP-SMX on the pharmacokinetics of ATV in rats. We also studied changes in Read More

Background: Due to the potential advantages of Gadolinium Nanoparticles (NPs) over gadolinium elements, gadolinium based NPs are currently being explored in the field of MRI. Either in elemental form or nanoparticulate form, gadolinium toxicity is believed to occur due to the deposition of gadolinium ion (designated as Gd3+ ion or simply G ion). Objective: There is a serious lack of literature on the mechanisms of toxicity ca Read More

Background: Mouse Udp-glucuronosyl Transferase (UGT) 2b1 is equivalent to the human UGT2B7 enzyme, which is a phase II drug-metabolising enzyme and plays a major role in the metabolism of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. This study aimed to find the relative expression of the mouse ugt2b1 gene in the liver, kidney, and heart organs and the influence of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) administrati Read More

Background: Metoclopramide is mainly metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 enzymes, while cilostazol is also metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 enzymes. Aim: This study evaluates the effect of cilostazol on the pharmacokinetics of oral metoclopramide. Methods: This was a randomized, two-phase cross-over pharmacokinetic study separated by a 4-week wash-out time period, 12 healthy Read More