Skip to content
2000
Volume 21, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 1573-4072
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6646

Abstract

Xanthones are a class of naturally occurring compounds found in various plant sources. Over the years, studies have revealed therapeutic impending xanthones in treating and managing several ailments, including cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. Xanthones exert their therapeutic effects through various mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activities. It has also been found that xanthones induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and arrest cell cycles by modulating several signaling pathways. This review objective is to deliver an inclusive overview of the therapeutic essence of xanthones and their potential use as a natural remedy for managing and treating various diseases.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cbc/10.2174/0115734072278162240406123303
2024-04-18
2025-06-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. WangY. TangC. ZhangH. LiuY. Xanthones from mangosteen extracts as natural chemopreventive agents: Potential anticancer drugs.Curr. Mol. Med.2018183184195
    [Google Scholar]
  2. SuksamrarnS. SuwannapochN. PhakhodeeW. ThanuhiranlertJ. RatananukulP. ChimnoiN. SuksamrarnA. Antimycobacterial activity of prenylated xanthones from the fruits of Garcinia mangostana.Chem. Pharm. Bull.200351785785910.1248/cpb.51.857 12843596
    [Google Scholar]
  3. HuangS.S. ChiuC.S. ChenH.J. HouW.C. SheuM.J. LinY.C. ChangS.T. Xanthones isolated from the leaves of Garcinia mangostana.Curr. Top. Med. Chem.2014141820982102
    [Google Scholar]
  4. AkowuahG.A. ZhariI. NorhayatiI. SadikunA. KhamsahS.M. Characterization of flavonoids, xanthones, and antioxidant properties of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit.BMC Complement. Altern. Med.201010111110.1186/1472‑6882‑10‑1
    [Google Scholar]
  5. ChenL.G. YangL.L. WangC.C. Anti-inflammatory activity of mangostins from Garcinia mangostana.Food Chem. Toxicol.200846268869310.1016/j.fct.2007.09.096 18029076
    [Google Scholar]
  6. TuchindaP. ReutrakulV. ClaesonP. PongprayoonU. SematongT. SantisukT. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-platelet aggregation xanthones from Calophyllum inophyllum.Planta Med.2002680654154410.1055/s‑2002‑32544
    [Google Scholar]
  7. DeebD. GaoX. JiangH. JanicB. ArbabA.S. RojanasakulY. Oridonin and wogonin up-regulate death receptor 5 and induce apoptosis through activation of the extrinsic pathway in human bladder cancer cells.J. Nutr. Biochem.2011221081882410.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.07.010
    [Google Scholar]
  8. PanL. BeckerA. GerhauserC. DingL. GaoQ. ChenH. Xanthones from mangosteen extracts as natural chemopreventive agents: Potential anticancer drugs.Chem. Commun.201349353674368610.1039/c3cc41177e
    [Google Scholar]
  9. LeiL. WangY. XuQ. ZhangY. LiuY. Xanthones from mangosteen extracts as natural antioxidants: Potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.J. Funct. Foods20151873274210.1016/j.jff.2015.08.004
    [Google Scholar]
  10. StaffordH.A. Flavonoid evolution: An enzymic approach.Plant Physiol.199196368068510.1104/pp.96.3.680 16668242
    [Google Scholar]
  11. DingG. LiuX. ZhaoJ. ZhaoW. DuY. Xanthones from fungi: A mini-review.Molecules20192413237110.3390/molecules24132371 31252614
    [Google Scholar]
  12. LiW. LiW. XuJ. LiJ. Identification and quantification of xanthones from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.J. Food Sci. Technol.20205762016202610.1007/s13197‑019‑04136‑7
    [Google Scholar]
  13. MauryaA.K. SinghM. DubeyV. SrivastavaS. LuqmanS. Isolation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of xanthones from Hypericum perforatum L. for anticancer activity.J. Tradit. Complement. Med.20199322723210.1016/j.jtcme.2018.08.001 31193882
    [Google Scholar]
  14. SaitoT. NishiyamaK. ShiobaraY. KondoK. IgarashiT. Isolation and purification of xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana by high-speed counter-current chromatography.J. Chromatogr. A200296118388 12186394
    [Google Scholar]
  15. ZhengC.J. LiW.Q. LiY.L. XieJ.X. Rapid isolation of prenylated xanthones from Garcinia mangostana using high-performance counter- current chromatography.Molecules2019243572 30764512
    [Google Scholar]
  16. OliveiraJ.L. MartinsA.F. PinhoP.G. FerreiraI.C. A review on chromatographic and electrophoretic methods used for the determination of xanthones in plant extracts.Talanta2019200246258
    [Google Scholar]
  17. KoolenH.H. da SilvaF.M. GozzoF.C. SouzaA.Q. de SouzaG.H. Xanthones determination in medicinal extracts by nuclear magnetic resonance.J. Braz. Chem. Soc.20132416672
    [Google Scholar]
  18. American Cancer Society.What is Cancer?Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-basics/what-is-cancer.html
    [Google Scholar]
  19. BrayF. FerlayJ. SoerjomataramI. SiegelR.L. TorreL.A. JemalA. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries.CA Cancer J. Clin.201868639442410.3322/caac.21492 30207593
    [Google Scholar]
  20. World Health Organization. Cancer.2021 Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
  21. JungH.A. SuB.N. KellerW.J. MehtaR.G. KinghornA.D. Antioxidant xanthones from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen).J. Agric. Food Chem.20065462077208210.1021/jf052649z 16536578
    [Google Scholar]
  22. LiH. HuY. WangY. LiuM. XuL. LiZ. Xanthones from mangosteen extracts as natural chemopreventive agents: Potential anticancer drugs.Curr. Mol. Med.2017173222242
    [Google Scholar]
  23. RassameemasmaungS. SirikatithamA. PhatchanaR. α-Mangostin suppresses human breast cancer cell invasion through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway.Eur. J. Pharmacol.201678913214210.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.017
    [Google Scholar]
  24. ZhangY. LiuX. WangY. LiJ. LiJ. LiangX. α-Mangostin induces apoptosis and suppresses metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Oncol. Rep.201839197104
    [Google Scholar]
  25. LinY.Y. ChiangW.C. LiuC.H. YangD.J. ChangF.R. α- Mangostin from Garcinia mangostana Linn: An updated review of its pharmacological properties.Medicines20196257 31091706
    [Google Scholar]
  26. TranT.H. NguyenV.T. LeH.T. NguyenH.M. TranT.H. Do ThiT. NguyenX.C. HaM.T. Garcinoxanthones S V, new xanthone derivatives from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana together with their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.Fitoterapia202115110488010.1016/j.fitote.2021.104880 33711431
    [Google Scholar]
  27. LinC.N. LiouS.J. LeeT.H. ChuangY.C. WonS.J. Xanthone derivatives as potential anti-cancer drugs.J. Pharm. Pharmacol.201148553954410.1111/j.2042‑7158.1996.tb05970.x 8799883
    [Google Scholar]
  28. OanhV.T.K. ThoaH.T. HangN.T.M. PhuongD.T.L. LienN.T.P. PopovaM. TrushevaB. BankovaV. LeT.N. New dihydrochromene and xanthone derivatives from Lisotrigona furva propolis.Fitoterapia202114910482110.1016/j.fitote.2020.104821 33387643
    [Google Scholar]
  29. FouotsaH. DzoyemJ.P. LannangA.M. StammlerH.G. MbazoaC.D. LuhmerM. NkengfackA.E. AllémannÉ. DelieF. MeyerF. SewaldN. Antiproliferative activity of a new xanthone derivative from leaves of Garcinia nobilis Engl.Nat. Prod. Res.202135245604561110.1080/14786419.2020.1806270 32791845
    [Google Scholar]
  30. NeumanM.G. Immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease.Transl. Res.2007149417318610.1016/j.trsl.2006.11.009
    [Google Scholar]
  31. SmolenJ.S. AletahaD. McInnesI.B. Rheumatoid arthritis.Lancet2016388100552023203810.1016/S0140‑6736(16)30173‑8 27156434
    [Google Scholar]
  32. KappelmanM.D. Rifas-ShimanS.L. KleinmanK. OllendorfD. BousvarosA. GrandR.J. FinkelsteinJ.A. The prevalence and geographic distribution of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States.Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.20075121424142910.1016/j.cgh.2007.07.012 17904915
    [Google Scholar]
  33. ŻelaszczykD. LipkowskaA. SzkaradekN. SłoczyńskaK. KrzyżakG.A. LibrowskiT. MaronaH. Synthesis and preliminary anti-inflammatory evaluation of xanthone derivatives.Heterocycl. Commun.201824423123610.1515/hc‑2017‑0215
    [Google Scholar]
  34. XueQ. ChenY. YinH. TengH. QinR. LiuH. LiQ. MeiZ. YangG. Prenylated xanthones and benzophenones from the fruits of Garcinia bracteata and their potential antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities.Bioorg. Chem.202010410433910.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104339 33142411
    [Google Scholar]
  35. NhanN.T. NguyenP.H. TranM.H. NguyenP.D.N. TranD.T. ToD.C. Anti-inflammatory xanthone derivatives from Garcinia delpyana.J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res.202123541442210.1080/10286020.2020.1767079 32432493
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Alzheimer’s Association. 2021 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.Alzheimers Dement.202117332740610.1002/alz.12328 33756057
    [Google Scholar]
  37. BudsonA.E. SolomonP.R. New diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment for the practical neurologist.Pract. Neurol.2012122889610.1136/practneurol‑2011‑000145 22450454
    [Google Scholar]
  38. HenekaM.T. CarsonM.J. KhouryJ.E. LandrethG.E. BrosseronF. FeinsteinD.L. JacobsA.H. Wyss-CorayT. VitoricaJ. RansohoffR.M. HerrupK. FrautschyS.A. FinsenB. BrownG.C. VerkhratskyA. YamanakaK. KoistinahoJ. LatzE. HalleA. PetzoldG.C. TownT. MorganD. ShinoharaM.L. PerryV.H. HolmesC. BazanN.G. BrooksD.J. HunotS. JosephB. DeigendeschN. GaraschukO. BoddekeE. DinarelloC.A. BreitnerJ.C. ColeG.M. GolenbockD.T. KummerM.P. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease.Lancet Neurol.201514438840510.1016/S1474‑4422(15)70016‑5 25792098
    [Google Scholar]
  39. JamesB.D. LeurgansS.E. HebertL.E. ScherrP.A. YaffeK. BennettD.A. Contribution of Alzheimer disease to mortality in the United States.Neurology201482121045105010.1212/WNL.0000000000000240 24598707
    [Google Scholar]
  40. BrookmeyerR. JohnsonE. Ziegler-GrahamK. ArrighiH.M. Forecasting the global burden of Alzheimer’s disease.Alzheimers Dement.20073318619110.1016/j.jalz.2007.04.381 19595937
    [Google Scholar]
  41. KouX. SongL. WangY. YuQ. JuH. YangA. ShenR. Design, synthesis and anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity study of xanthone derivatives based on multi-target strategy.Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.202030412692710.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126927 31901382
    [Google Scholar]
  42. ZhangZ. GuoJ. ChengM. ZhouW. WanY. WangR. FangY. JinY. LiuJ. XieS.S. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel xanthone-alkylbenzylamine hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Eur. J. Med. Chem.202121311315410.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113154 33476932
    [Google Scholar]
  43. LohZ.H. KwongH.C. LamK.W. TehS.S. EeG.C.L. QuahC.K. HoA.S.H. MahS.H. New 3- O -substituted xanthone derivatives as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.202136162763910.1080/14756366.2021.1882452 33557647
    [Google Scholar]
  44. ChenY. BianY. WangJ.W. GongT.T. YingY.M. MaL.F. ShanW.G. XieX.Q. ZhanZ.J. Effects of α-mangostin derivatives on the alzheimer’s disease model of rats and their mechanism: A combination of experimental study and computational systems pharmacology analysis.ACS Omega20205179846986310.1021/acsomega.0c00057 32391472
    [Google Scholar]
  45. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes- 2021.Diabetes Care202144S1S1S210.2337/dc21‑Sint 33298409
    [Google Scholar]
  46. AtkinsonM.A. EisenbarthG.S. MichelsA.W. Type 1 diabetes.Lancet20143839911698210.1016/S0140‑6736(13)60591‑7 23890997
    [Google Scholar]
  47. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Care201033S1S62S6910.2337/dc10‑S062 20042775
    [Google Scholar]
  48. KahnS.E. CooperM.E. Del PratoS. Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: Perspectives on the past, present, and future.Lancet201438399221068108310.1016/S0140‑6736(13)62154‑6 24315620
    [Google Scholar]
  49. International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas.2019Available from: https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/resources/
  50. ShawJ.E. SicreeR.A. ZimmetP.Z. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030.Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.201087141410.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007 19896746
    [Google Scholar]
  51. YeG.J. LanT. HuangZ.X. ChengX.N. CaiC.Y. DingS.M. XieM.L. WangB. Design and synthesis of novel xanthone-triazole derivatives as potential antidiabetic agents: α-Glucosidase inhibition and glucose uptake promotion.Eur. J. Med. Chem.201917736237310.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.045 31158750
    [Google Scholar]
  52. MalikA. ArdalaniH. AnamS. McNairL.M. KromphardtK.J.K. FrandsenR.J.N. FranzykH. StaerkD. KongstadK.T. Antidiabetic xanthones with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities from an endophytic Penicillium canescens.Fitoterapia202014210452210.1016/j.fitote.2020.104522 32088281
    [Google Scholar]
  53. KarimN. RahmanM.A. ChanglekS. TangpongJ. Short-time administration of xanthone from Garcinia mangostana fruit pericarp attenuates the hepatotoxicity and renotoxicity of type II diabetes mice.J. Am. Coll. Nutr.202039650151010.1080/07315724.2019.1696251 31846399
    [Google Scholar]
  54. IbrahimS.R.M. MohamedG.A. KhayatM.T.A. AhmedS. Abo-HadedH. Garcixanthone D, a new xanthone, and other xanthone derivatives from Garcinia mangostana pericarps: Their α‐amylase inhibitory potential and molecular docking studies.Stärke2019717-8180035410.1002/star.201800354
    [Google Scholar]
  55. WangW. LiaoY. HuangX. TangC. CaiP. A novel xanthone dimer derivative with antibacterial activity isolated from the bark of Garcinia mangostana.Nat. Prod. Res.201832151769177410.1080/14786419.2017.1402315 29132213
    [Google Scholar]
  56. OtakeY. ShimazawaM. InoueY. Protective effects of polyphenols against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in human neuronal SH- SY5Y cells.Neurochem. Int.201261111110.1016/j.neuint.2012.03.001 22542771
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/cbc/10.2174/0115734072278162240406123303
Loading
/content/journals/cbc/10.2174/0115734072278162240406123303
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:
    Review Article
Keyword(s): bioactivity; cytotoxic; in-vitro; natural; SA; Xanthone
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test