Current Analytical Chemistry - Volume 4, Issue 3, 2008

Electrochemical Stripping Analysis has always been the electroanalytical technique of choice for trace and ultra-trace determination of metals and organics. It is based on a preconcentration step of the target analytes on a suitable working electrode followed by a conventional voltammetric or chronopotentiometric scan. Trace metals can be determined at μg L-1 or sub-μg L-1 levels after electrolytic preconcentration while thos Read More

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is one of a number of solid electrode materials that have been developed as alternatives to mercury electrodes for electroanalysis. Electrodes made from boron-doped diamond possess many attractive properties including a wide potential window, low background currents, high resistance to electrode fouling, ease of chemical modification, long term stability and the hard and flat natur Read More

In recent years significant work had been carried out on the fabrication and application of nanoparticlemodified electrodes for trace heavy metal detection with the view to producing sensitive and versatile sensors. Much has focused on the use of gold nanoparticles for the detection of arsenic and other toxins, however silver, platinum and bismuth nanoparticles have also been researched. This review covers a range of differen Read More

This article is intended as an overview of bismuth-based electrodes as applied to electrochemical stripping analysis. These electrodes rely on a bismuth or bismuth-modified active surface and, while they have analytical performance comparable to mercury electrodes, are characterized by negligible toxicity in comparison to their mercury counterparts. These properties make them ideally suited as sensors for trace monitori Read More

The recent tendency to replace liquid mercury by less toxic electrode materials has led many analysts to investigate and design various thin film electrodes generated ex-situ or in-situ by electroplating the selected metals at different supports, and to develop new stripping and catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedures that would use them. The catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) coupling of Read More

In voltammetry, the choice of working electrode is of outmost importance to fulfil needed demands and criteria. Heyrovsky's invention of the polarographic method started in 1922, for which he was granted the Nobel Prize in 1959, was a pioneer work within the field of electroanalytical chemistry. In polarography, the working electrode is normally a liquid mercury drop electrode, which possesses several advantageous pr Read More

Recent progress in polymer modified electrodes for stripping analysis is surveyed, mainly concerned with ionexchange polymer and conducting polymer coatings on mercury thin film electrodes and other solid electrode substrates. Film preparation methods are discussed and applications involving different types of polymer film or polymer film composites illustrated, with emphasis on recent literature published in the last five years.

This review surveys the main aspects of the combination of microelectrodes and stripping analysis, including recent developments in working microelectrodes, analytical methodologies, instrumentation, and applications in both synthetic and real matrices. Emphasis is given to papers published since 2000.

In this article a comprehensive overview of the developments in the field of electrochemical stripping analysis with microelectrode arrays and microfabricated devices is presented. Due to the vastness of the topic, this mini-review deals only with the use of regular microelectrode arrays. After the description of the main fabrication methodologies employed, a large part of the review is dedicated to applications, categorise Read More

This review describes our recent results regarding adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of submicromolar and nanomolar concentrations of various environmentally important chemical carcinogens using both traditional (hanging mercury drop electrode, carbon paste electrode) and non-traditional types of electrodes (solid amalgam electrodes, glassy carbon paste electrodes, carbon ink film electrodes Read More

The ability of nucleic acids (NA) and their components to accumulate at electrode surfaces and electrochemical properties of these species are closely related. This review is devoted to electrochemical stripping techniques applied in NA studies. Cathodic or anodic stripping voltammetry have been used for a highly sensitive determination of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides or acid-hydrolyzed NAs, based on formation of s Read More

Stripping analysis is a two-step procedure. In the first step, the analyte is accumulated at an electrode surface either by electrolysis or by adsorption. In the second step, the deposited material is removed, typically by electrolysis. The second step is the source of the analytical signal. Sensitivity of the method mainly depends on the amount of substance which is transferred to the electrode surface during accumulation Read More