Skip to content
2000
Volume 25, Issue 4
  • ISSN: 1871-5206
  • E-ISSN: 1875-5992

Abstract

Introduction/Objective

Metastatic melanoma resists current pharmacological regimens that act through apoptosis. This indicates that therapies acting non-apoptotic cell-death pathways could be pursued. Doramectin has shown promising results in another cancer of neural crest origin, neuroblastoma, through the inhibition of growth autophagy. Our research hypothesis is that doramectin induces autophagy in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Methods

Cells were treated with doramectin (15 uM) or a combination of both doramectin and a cell-death inhibitor, compared to untreated control cells (media), and then analyzed with MTT analysis. Likewise, MDC analysis was completed to detect autophagy involvement with doramectin treatment. Flow cytometry and TUNEL Assay were conducted to observe cell death-related effects.

Results

MTT analysis of doramectin-treated cells displayed a decrease in cell growth compared to control. Apoptotic morphology was prominent in melanoma cells treated with doramectin. Increased autophagy was not detected by fluorometric microscopic analysis. Flow cytometry analysis of doramectin-treated cells showed apoptosis as a major mode of cell death with some necrosis.

Conclusion

Doramectin induces a novel cell-death mechanism in melanoma compared to other forms of cancer and should be studied as an effective anti-cancer agent for melanoma treatment.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/acamc/10.2174/0118715206325844240909144543
2024-10-15
2025-05-07
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. LosinaE. WalenskyR.P. GellerA. BeddingfieldF.C.III WolfL.L. GilchrestB.A. FreedbergK.A. Visual screening for malignant melanoma: a cost-effectiveness analysis.Arch. Dermatol.20071431212810.1001/archderm.143.1.21 17224538
    [Google Scholar]
  2. D’ArcangeloD. GiampietriC. MuscioM. ScatozzaF. FacchianoF. FacchianoA. WIPI1, BAG1, and PEX3 autophagy‐related genes Are relevant melanoma markers.Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev.201820181147168210.1155/2018/1471682 30622661
    [Google Scholar]
  3. KimJ.H. ChoiH.S. KimS.L. LeeD.S. The PAK1-Stat3 signaling pathway activates IL-6 gene transcription and human breast cancer stem cell formation.Cancers (Basel)20191110152710.3390/cancers11101527 31658701
    [Google Scholar]
  4. HelmbachH. RossmannE. KernM.A. SchadendorfD. Drug-resistance in human melanoma.Int. J. Cancer200193561762210.1002/ijc.1378 11477569
    [Google Scholar]
  5. InamdarG.S. MadhunapantulaS.V. RobertsonG.P. Targeting the MAPK pathway in melanoma: Why some approaches succeed and other fail.Biochem. Pharmacol.201080562463710.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.029 20450891
    [Google Scholar]
  6. BroussardL. HowlandA. RyuS. SongK. NorrisD. ArmstrongC.A. SongP.I. Melanoma cell death mechanisms.Chonnam Med. J.201854313514210.4068/cmj.2018.54.3.135 30288368
    [Google Scholar]
  7. MandalàM. RutkowskiP. Rational combination of cancer immunotherapy in melanoma.Virchows Arch.2019474443344710.1007/s00428‑018‑2506‑y 30552520
    [Google Scholar]
  8. LeeE.F. HarrisT.J. TranS. EvangelistaM. ArulanandaS. JohnT. RamnacC. HobbsC. ZhuH. GunasinghG. SegalD. BehrenA. CebonJ. DobrovicA. MariadasonJ.M. StrasserA. RohrbeckL. HaassN.K. HeroldM.J. FairlieW.D. BCL-XL and MCL-1 are the key BCL-2 family proteins in melanoma cell survival.Cell Death Dis.201910534210.1038/s41419‑019‑1568‑3 31019203
    [Google Scholar]
  9. SuiY. YaoH. LiS. JinL. ShiP. LiZ. WangG. LinS. WuY. LiY. HuangL. LiuQ. LinX. Delicaflavone induces autophagic cell death in lung cancer via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.J. Mol. Med. (Berl.)201795331132210.1007/s00109‑016‑1487‑z 27838742
    [Google Scholar]
  10. DentonD. KumarS. Autophagy-dependent cell death.Cell Death Differ.201926460561610.1038/s41418‑018‑0252‑y 30568239
    [Google Scholar]
  11. KongW. ZhuH. ZhengS. YinG. YuP. ShanY. LiuX. YingR. ZhuH. MaS. Larotrectinib induces autophagic cell death through AMPK/mTOR signalling in colon cancer.J. Cell. Mol. Med.202226215539555010.1111/jcmm.17530 36251949
    [Google Scholar]
  12. TangM. HuX. WangY. YaoX. ZhangW. YuC. ChengF. LiJ. FangQ. Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug.Pharmacol. Res.202116310520710.1016/j.phrs.2020.105207 32971268
    [Google Scholar]
  13. DuS. LiangH. ZhouL. ChenC. SunR. ZhangJ. MengX. GaoA. Effect of doramectin on programmed cell death pathway in glioma cells.Clin. Transl. Oncol.202325102871288310.1007/s12094‑023‑03147‑z 37084153
    [Google Scholar]
  14. SongD. LiangH. QuB. LiY. LiuJ. ZhangY. LiL. HuL. ZhangX. GaoA. Ivermectin inhibits the growth of glioma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.J. Cell. Biochem.2019120162263310.1002/jcb.27420 30596403
    [Google Scholar]
  15. KaurB. BlavoC. ParmarM.S. Ivermectin: A multifaceted drug with a potential beyond anti-parasitic therapy.Cureus2024163e5602510.7759/cureus.56025
    [Google Scholar]
  16. ZhangH. XuX. XuR. YeT. Drug repurposing of ivermectin abrogates neutrophil extracellular traps and prevents melanoma metastasis.Front. Oncol.202212989167https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.989 16710.3389/fonc.2022.98916736132145
    [Google Scholar]
  17. WangJ.B. PanH.X. TangG.L. Production of doramectin by rational engineering of the avermectin biosynthetic pathway.Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.201121113320332310.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.008 21514826
    [Google Scholar]
  18. ChenC. LiangH. QinR. LiX. WangL. DuS. ChenZ. MengX. LvZ. WangQ. MengJ. GaoA. Doramectin inhibits glioblastoma cell survival via regulation of autophagy in vitro and in vivo.Int. J. Oncol.20226032910.3892/ijo.2022.5319 35137919
    [Google Scholar]
  19. DouQ. ChenH.N. WangK. YuanK. LeiY. LiK. LanJ. ChenY. HuangZ. XieN. ZhangL. XiangR. NiceE.C. WeiY. HuangC. Ivermectin induces cytostatic autophagy by blocking the PAK1/Akt axis in breast cancer.Cancer Res.201676154457446910.1158/0008‑5472.CAN‑15‑2887 27302166
    [Google Scholar]
  20. ByunS. LeeE. LeeK.W. Therapeutic implications of autophagy inducers in immunological disorders, infection, and cancer.Int. J. Mol. Sci.2017189195910.3390/ijms18091959 28895911
    [Google Scholar]
  21. MainzL. RosenfeldtM.T. Autophagy and cancer – insights from mouse models.FEBS J.2018285579280810.1111/febs.14274 28921866
    [Google Scholar]
  22. KlionskyD.J. Abdel-AzizA.K. AbdelfatahS. AbdellatifM. AbdoliA. AbelS. AbeliovichH. AbildgaardM.H. AbuduY.P. Acevedo-ArozenaA. AdamopoulosI.E. AdeliK. AdolphT.E. AdornettoA. AflakiE. AgamG. AgarwalA. AggarwalB.B. AgnelloM. AgostinisP. AgrewalaJ.N. AgrotisA. AguilarP.V. AhmadS.T. AhmedZ.M. Ahumada-CastroU. AitsS. AizawaS. AkkocY. AkoumianakiT. AkpinarH.A. Al-AbdA.M. Al-AkraL. Al-GharaibehA. Alaoui-JamaliM.A. AlbertiS. Alcocer-GómezE. AlessandriC. AliM. Alim Al-BariM.A. AliwainiS. AlizadehJ. AlmacellasE. AlmasanA. AlonsoA. AlonsoG.D. Altan-BonnetN. AltieriD.C. ÁlvarezÉ.M.C. AlvesS. Alves da CostaC. AlzaharnaM.M. AmadioM. AmantiniC. AmaralC. AmbrosioS. AmerA.O. AmmanathanV. AnZ. AndersenS.U. AndrabiS.A. Andrade-SilvaM. AndresA.M. AngeliniS. AnnD. AnozieU.C. AnsariM.Y. AntasP. AntebiA. AntónZ. AnwarT. ApetohL. ApostolovaN. ArakiT. ArakiY. ArasakiK. AraújoW.L. ArayaJ. ArdenC. ArévaloM.A. ArguellesS. AriasE. ArikkathJ. ArimotoH. AriosaA.R. Armstrong-JamesD. Arnauné-PelloquinL. ArocaA. ArroyoD.S. ArsovI. ArteroR. AsaroD.M.L. AschnerM. AshrafizadehM. Ashur-FabianO. AtanasovA.G. AuA.K. AubergerP. AunerH.W. AurelianL. AutelliR. AvaglianoL. ÁvalosY. AveicS. AveleiraC.A. Avin-WittenbergT. AydinY. AytonS. AyyadevaraS. AzzopardiM. BabaM. BackerJ.M. BackuesS.K. BaeD.H. BaeO.N. BaeS.H. BaehreckeE.H. BaekA. BaekS.H. BaekS.H. BagettaG. Bagniewska-ZadwornaA. BaiH. BaiJ. BaiX. BaiY. BairagiN. BaksiS. BalbiT. BaldariC.T. BalduiniW. BallabioA. BallesterM. BalazadehS. BalzanR. BandopadhyayR. BanerjeeS. BanerjeeS. BánrétiÁ. BaoY. BaptistaM.S. BaraccaA. BarbatiC. BargielaA. BarilàD. BarlowP.G. BarmadaS.J. BarreiroE. BarretoG.E. BartekJ. BartelB. BartolomeA. BarveG.R. BasagoudanavarS.H. BasshamD.C. BastR.C.Jr BasuA. BatokoH. BattenI. BaulieuE.E. BaumgarnerB.L. BayryJ. BealeR. BeauI. BeaumatinF. BecharaL.R.G. BeckG.R.Jr BeersM.F. BegunJ. BehrendsC. BehrensG.M.N. BeiR. BejaranoE. BelS. BehlC. BelaidA. Belgareh-TouzéN. BellarosaC. BelleudiF. Belló PérezM. Bello-MoralesR. BeltranJ.S.O. BeltranS. BenbrookD.M. BendoriusM. BenitezB.A. Benito-CuestaI. BensalemJ. BerchtoldM.W. BerezowskaS. BergamaschiD. BergamiM. BergmannA. BerliocchiL. Berlioz-TorrentC. BernardA. BerthouxL. BesirliC.G. BesteiroS. BetinV.M. BeyaertR. BezbradicaJ.S. BhaskarK. Bhatia-KissovaI. BhattacharyaR. BhattacharyaS. BhattacharyyaS. BhuiyanM.S. BhutiaS.K. BiL. BiX. BidenT.J. BijianK. BillesV.A. BinartN. BincolettoC. BirgisdottirA.B. BjorkoyG. BlancoG. Blas-GarciaA. BlasiakJ. BlomgranR. BlomgrenK. BlumJ.S. Boada-RomeroE. BobanM. Boesze-BattagliaK. BoeufP. BolandB. BomontP. BonaldoP. BonamS.R. BonfiliL. BonifacinoJ.S. BooneB.A. BootmanM.D. BordiM. BornerC. BornhauserB.C. BorthakurG. BoschJ. BoseS. BotanaL.M. BotasJ. BoulangerC.M. BoultonM.E. BourdenxM. BourgeoisB. BourkeN.M. BousquetG. BoyaP. BozhkovP.V. BoziL.H.M. BozkurtT.O. BrackneyD.E. BrandtsC.H. BraunR.J. BrausG.H. Bravo-SaguaR. Bravo-San PedroJ.M. BrestP. BringerM.A. Briones-HerreraA. BroaddusV.C. BrodersenP. BrodskyJ.L. BrodyS.L. BronsonP.G. BronsteinJ.M. BrownC.N. BrownR.E. BrumP.C. BrumellJ.H. Brunetti-PierriN. BrunoD. Bryson-RichardsonR.J. BucciC. BuchrieserC. BuenoM. Buitrago-MolinaL.E. BuraschiS. BuchS. BuchanJ.R. BuckinghamE.M. BudakH. BudiniM. BultynckG. BuradaF. BurgoyneJ.R. BurónM.I. BustosV. BüttnerS. ButturiniE. ByrdA. CabasI. Cabrera-BenitezS. CadwellK. CaiJ. CaiL. CaiQ. CairóM. CalbetJ.A. CaldwellG.A. CaldwellK.A. CallJ.A. CalvaniR. CalvoA.C. Calvo-Rubio BarreraM. CamaraN.O. CamonisJ.H. CamougrandN. CampanellaM. CampbellE.M. Campbell-ValoisF.X. CampelloS. CampesiI. CamposJ.C. CamuzardO. CancinoJ. Candido de AlmeidaD. CanesiL. CaniggiaI. CanonicoB. CantíC. CaoB. CaragliaM. CaramésB. CarchmanE.H. Cardenal-MuñozE. CardenasC. CardenasL. CardosoS.M. CarewJ.S. CarleG.F. CarletonG. CarloniS. Carmona-GutierrezD. CarneiroL.A. CarnevaliO. CarosiJ.M. CarraS. CarrierA. CarrierL. CarrollB. CarterA.B. CarvalhoA.N. CasanovaM. CasasC. CasasJ. CassioliC. CastilloE.F. CastilloK. Castillo-LluvaS. CastoldiF. CastoriM. CastroA.F. Castro-CaldasM. Castro-HernandezJ. Castro-ObregonS. CatzS.D. CavadasC. CavaliereF. CavalliniG. CavinatoM. CayuelaM.L. Cebollada RicaP. CecariniV. CecconiF. Cechowska-PaskoM. CenciS. Ceperuelo-MallafréV. CerqueiraJ.J. CeruttiJ.M. CerviaD. CetintasV.B. CetrulloS. ChaeH.J. ChaginA.S. ChaiC.Y. ChakrabartiG. ChakrabartiO. ChakrabortyT. ChakrabortyT. ChamiM. ChamilosG. ChanD.W. ChanE.Y.W. ChanE.D. ChanH.Y.E. ChanH.H. ChanH. ChanM.T.V. ChanY.S. ChandraP.K. ChangC.P. ChangC. ChangH.C. ChangK. ChaoJ. ChapmanT. Charlet-BerguerandN. ChatterjeeS. ChaubeS.K. ChaudharyA. ChauhanS. ChaumE. CheclerF. CheethamM.E. ChenC.S. ChenG.C. ChenJ.F. ChenL.L. ChenL. ChenL. ChenM. ChenM.K. ChenN. ChenQ. ChenR.H. ChenS. ChenW. ChenW. ChenX.M. ChenX.W. ChenX. ChenY. ChenY.G. ChenY. ChenY. ChenY.J. ChenY.Q. ChenZ.S. ChenZ. ChenZ.H. ChenZ.J. ChenZ. ChengH. ChengJ. ChengS.Y. ChengW. ChengX. ChengX.T. ChengY. ChengZ. ChenZ. CheongH. CheongJ.K. ChernyakB.V. CherryS. CheungC.F.R. CheungC.H.A. CheungK.H. ChevetE. ChiR.J. ChiangA.K.S. ChiaradonnaF. ChiarelliR. ChiarielloM. ChicaN. ChioccaS. ChiongM. ChiouS.H. ChiramelA.I. ChiurchiùV. ChoD.H. ChoeS.K. ChoiA.M.K. ChoiM.E. ChoudhuryK.R. ChowN.S. ChuC.T. ChuaJ.P. ChuaJ.J.E. ChungH. ChungK.P. ChungS. ChungS.H. ChungY.L. CianfanelliV. CiechomskaI.A. CifuentesM. CinqueL. CirakS. CironeM. ClagueM.J. ClarkeR. ClementiE. CocciaE.M. CodognoP. CohenE. CohenM.M. ColasantiT. ColasuonnoF. ColbertR.A. ColellA. ČolićM. CollN.S. CollinsM.O. ColomboM.I. Colón-RamosD.A. CombaretL. CominciniS. CominettiM.R. ConsiglioA. ConteA. ContiF. ContuV.R. CooksonM.R. CoombsK.M. CoppensI. CorasanitiM.T. CorkeryD.P. CordesN. CorteseK. CostaM.D.C. CostantinoS. CostelliP. Coto-MontesA. CrackP.J. CrespoJ.L. CriolloA. CrippaV. CristofaniR. CsizmadiaT. CuadradoA. CuiB. CuiJ. CuiY. CuiY. CulettoE. CuminoA.C. CybulskyA.V. CzajaM.J. CzuczwarS.J. D’AdamoS. D’AmelioM. D’ArcangeloD. D’LugosA.C. D’OraziG. da SilvaJ.A. DafsariH.S. DagdaR.K. DagdasY. DagliaM. DaiX. DaiY. DaiY. Dal ColJ. DalhaimerP. Dalla ValleL. DallengaT. DalmassoG. DammeM. DandoI. DantumaN.P. DarlingA.L. DasH. DasarathyS. DasariS.K. DashS. DaumkeO. DauphineeA.N. DaviesJ.S. DávilaV.A. DavisR.J. DavisT. Dayalan NaiduS. De AmicisF. De BosscherK. De FeliceF. De FranceschiL. De LeonibusC. de Mattos BarbosaM.G. De MeyerG.R.Y. De MilitoA. De NunzioC. De PalmaC. De SantiM. De VirgilioC. De ZioD. DebnathJ. DeBoschB.J. DecuypereJ.P. DeehanM.A. DeflorianG. DeGregoriJ. DehayB. Del RioG. DelaneyJ.R. DelbridgeL.M.D. Delorme-AxfordE. DelpinoM.V. DemarchiF. DembitzV. DemersN.D. DengH. DengZ. DengjelJ. DentP. DentonD. DePamphilisM.L. DerC.J. DereticV. DescoteauxA. DevisL. DevkotaS. DevuystO. DewsonG. DharmasivamM. DhimanR. di BernardoD. Di CristinaM. Di DomenicoF. Di FazioP. Di FonzoA. Di GuardoG. Di GuglielmoG.M. Di LeoL. Di MaltaC. Di NardoA. Di RienzoM. Di SanoF. DiallinasG. DiaoJ. Diaz-ArayaG. Díaz-LaviadaI. DickinsonJ.M. DiederichM. DieudéM. DikicI. DingS. DingW.X. DiniL. DinićJ. DinicM. Dinkova-KostovaA.T. DionneM.S. DistlerJ.H.W. DiwanA. DixonI.M.C. Djavaheri-MergnyM. DobrinskiI. DobrovinskayaO. DobrowolskiR. DobsonR.C.J. ĐokićJ. DokmeciE.S. DonadelliM. DongB. DongX. DongZ. Dorn IiG.W. DotschV. DouH. DouJ. DowaidarM. DridiS. DruckerL. DuA. DuC. DuG. DuH.N. DuL.L. du ToitA. DuanS.B. DuanX. DuarteS.P. DubrovskaA. DunlopE.A. DupontN. DuránR.V. DwarakanathB.S. DyshlovoyS.A. Ebrahimi-FakhariD. EckhartL. EdelsteinC.L. EfferthT. EftekharpourE. EichingerL. EidN. EisenbergT. EissaN.T. EissaS. EjarqueM. El AndaloussiA. El-HageN. El-NaggarS. EleuteriA.M. El-ShafeyE.S. ElgendyM. EliopoulosA.G. ElizaldeM.M. ElksP.M. ElsasserH.P. ElsherbinyE.S. EmerlingB.M. EmreN.C.T. EngC.H. EngedalN. EngelbrechtA.M. EngelsenA.S.T. EnserinkJ.M. EscalanteR. EsclatineA. Escobar-HenriquesM. EskelinenE.L. EspertL. EusebioM.O. FabriasG. FabriziC. FacchianoA. FacchianoF. FadeelB. FaderC. FaesenA.C. FairlieW.D. FalcóA. FalkenburgerB.H. FanD. FanJ. FanY. FangE.F. FangY. FangY. FantoM. Farfel-BeckerT. FaureM. FazeliG. FedeleA.O. FeldmanA.M. FengD. FengJ. FengL. FengY. FengY. FengW. Fenz AraujoT. FergusonT.A. FernándezÁ.F. Fernandez-ChecaJ.C. Fernández-VeledoS. FernieA.R. FerranteA.W.Jr FerraresiA. FerrariM.F. FerreiraJ.C.B. Ferro-NovickS. FiguerasA. FiladiR. FilighedduN. Filippi-ChielaE. FilomeniG. FimiaG.M. FineschiV. FinettiF. FinkbeinerS. FisherE.A. FisherP.B. FlamigniF. FlieslerS.J. FloT.H. FloranceI. FloreyO. FlorioT. FodorE. FolloC. FonE.A. ForlinoA. FornaiF. FortiniP. FracassiA. FraldiA. FrancoB. FrancoR. FranconiF. FrankelL.B. FriedmanS.L. FröhlichL.F. FrühbeckG. FuentesJ.M. FujikiY. FujitaN. FujiwaraY. FukudaM. FuldaS. FuricL. FuruyaN. FuscoC. GackM.U. GaffkeL. GaladariS. GalassoA. GalindoM.F. Gallolu KankanamalageS. GalluzziL. GalyV. GammohN. GanB. GanleyI.G. GaoF. GaoH. GaoM. GaoP. GaoS.J. GaoW. GaoX. GarceraA. GarciaM.N. GarciaV.E. García-Del PortilloF. Garcia-EscuderoV. Garcia-GarciaA. Garcia-MaciaM. García-MorenoD. Garcia-RuizC. García-SanzP. GargA.D. GarginiR. GarofaloT. GarryR.F. GassenN.C. GaticaD. GeL. GeW. Geiss-FriedlanderR. GelfiC. GenschikP. GentleI.E. GerbinoV. GerhardtC. GermainK. GermainM. GewirtzD.A. Ghasemipour AfsharE. GhavamiS. GhigoA. GhoshM. GiamasG. GiampietriC. GiatromanolakiA. GibsonG.E. GibsonS.B. GinetV. GinigerE. GiorgiC. GiraoH. GirardinS.E. GiridharanM. GiulianoS. GiuliviC. GiuriatoS. GiustinianiJ. GluschkoA. GoderV. GoginashviliA. GolabJ. GoldstoneD.C. GolebiewskaA. GomesL.R. GomezR. Gómez-SánchezR. Gomez-PuertoM.C. Gomez-SintesR. GongQ. GoniF.M. González-GallegoJ. Gonzalez-HernandezT. Gonzalez-PoloR.A. Gonzalez-ReyesJ.A. González-RodríguezP. GopingI.S. GorbatyukM.S. GorbunovN.V. GörgülüK. GorojodR.M. GorskiS.M. GoruppiS. GotorC. GottliebR.A. GozesI. GozuacikD. GraefM. GrälerM.H. GranatieroV. GrassoD. GrayJ.P. GreenD.R. GreenhoughA. GregoryS.L. GriffinE.F. GrinstaffM.W. GrosF. GroseC. GrossA.S. GruberF. GrumatiP. GruneT. GuX. GuanJ.L. GuardiaC.M. GudaK. GuerraF. GuerriC. GuhaP. GuillénC. GujarS. GukovskayaA. GukovskyI. GunstJ. GüntherA. GunturA.R. GuoC. GuoC. GuoH. GuoL.W. GuoM. GuptaP. GuptaS.K. GuptaS. GuptaV.B. GuptaV. GustafssonA.B. GuttermanD.D. H BR. HaapasaloA. HaberJ.E. HaćA. HadanoS. HafrénA.J. HaidarM. HallB.S. HalldénG. Hamacher-BradyA. HamannA. HamasakiM. HanW. HansenM. HansonP.I. HaoZ. HaradaM. Harhaji-TrajkovicL. HariharanN. HaroonN. HarrisJ. HasegawaT. Hasima NagoorN. HaspelJ.A. HauckeV. HawkinsW.D. HayB.A. HaynesC.M. HayrabedyanS.B. HaysT.S. HeC. HeQ. HeR.R. HeY.W. HeY.Y. HeakalY. HeberleA.M. HejtmancikJ.F. HelgasonG.V. HenkelV. HerbM. HergovichA. Herman-AntosiewiczA. HernándezA. HernandezC. Hernandez-DiazS. Hernandez-GeaV. HerpinA. HerrerosJ. HervásJ.H. HesselsonD. HetzC. HeusslerV.T. HiguchiY. HilfikerS. HillJ.A. HlavacekW.S. HoE.A. HoI.H.T. HoP.W. HoS.L. HoW.Y. HobbsG.A. HochstrasserM. HoetP.H.M. HofiusD. HofmanP. HöhnA. HolmbergC.I. HombrebuenoJ.R. Yi-Ren HongC.H. HooperL.V. HoppeT. HorosR. HoshidaY. HsinI.L. HsuH.Y. HuB. HuD. HuL.F. HuM.C. HuR. HuW. HuY.C. HuZ.W. HuaF. HuaJ. HuaY. HuanC. HuangC. HuangC. HuangC. HuangC. HuangH. HuangK. HuangM.L.H. HuangR. HuangS. HuangT. HuangX. HuangY.J. HuberT.B. HubertV. HubnerC.A. HughesS.M. HughesW.E. HumbertM. HummerG. HurleyJ.H. HussainS. HussainS. HusseyP.J. HutabaratM. HwangH.Y. HwangS. IeniA. IkedaF. ImagawaY. ImaiY. ImbrianoC. ImotoM. InmanD.M. InokiK. IovannaJ. IozzoR.V. IppolitoG. IrazoquiJ.E. IribarrenP. IshaqM. IshikawaM. IshimweN. IsidoroC. IsmailN. Issazadeh-NavikasS. ItakuraE. ItoD. IvankovicD. IvanovaS. IyerA.K.V. IzquierdoJ.M. IzumiM. JäätteläM. JabirM.S. JacksonW.T. Jacobo-HerreraN. JacominA.C. JacquinE. JadiyaP. JaeschkeH. JagannathC. JakobiA.J. JakobssonJ. JanjiB. Jansen-DürrP. JanssonP.J. JantschJ. JanuszewskiS. JasseyA. JeanS. Jeltsch-DavidH. JendelovaP. JennyA. JensenT.E. JessenN. JewellJ.L. JiJ. JiaL. JiaR. JiangL. JiangQ. JiangR. JiangT. JiangX. JiangY. Jimenez-SanchezM. JinE.J. JinF. JinH. JinL. JinL. JinM. JinS. JoE.K. JoffreC. JohansenT. JohnsonG.V.W. JohnstonS.A. JokitaloE. JollyM.K. JoostenL.A.B. JordanJ. JosephB. JuD. JuJ.S. JuJ. JuárezE. JudithD. JuhászG. JunY. JungC.H. JungS.C. JungY.K. JungbluthH. JungverdorbenJ. JustS. KaarnirantaK. KaasikA. KabutaT. KaganovichD. KahanaA. KainR. KajimuraS. KalamvokiM. KaliaM. KalinowskiD.S. KaludercicN. KalvariI. KaminskaJ. KaminskyyV.O. KanamoriH. KanasakiK. KangC. KangR. KangS.S. KaniyappanS. KankiT. KannegantiT.D. KanthasamyA.G. KanthasamyA. KantorowM. KapuyO. KaramouzisM.V. KarimM.R. KarmakarP. KatareR.G. KatoM. KaufmannS.H.E. KauppinenA. KaushalG.P. KaushikS. KawasakiK. KazanK. KeP.Y. KeatingD.J. KeberU. KehrlJ.H. KellerK.E. KellerC.W. KemperJ.K. KenificC.M. KeppO. KermorgantS. KernA. KettelerR. KeulersT.G. KhalfinB. KhalilH. KhambuB. KhanS.Y. KhandelwalV.K.M. KhandiaR. KhoW. KhobrekarN.V. KhuansuwanS. KhundadzeM. KillackeyS.A. KimD. KimD.R. KimD.H. KimD.E. KimE.Y. KimE.K. KimH.R. KimH.S. Hyung-Ryong Kim KimJ.H. KimJ.K. KimJ.H. KimJ. KimJ.H. KimK.I. KimP.K. KimS.J. KimballS.R. KimchiA. KimmelmanA.C. KimuraT. KingM.A. KinghornK.J. KinseyC.G. KirkinV. KirshenbaumL.A. KiselevS.L. KishiS. KitamotoK. KitaokaY. KitazatoK. KitsisR.N. KittlerJ.T. KjaerulffO. KleinP.S. KlopstockT. KluckenJ. KnævelsrudH. KnorrR.L. KoB.C.B. KoF. KoJ.L. KobayashiH. KobayashiS. KochI. KochJ.C. KoenigU. KögelD. KohY.H. KoikeM. KohlweinS.D. KocaturkN.M. KomatsuM. KönigJ. KonoT. KoppB.T. KorcsmarosT. KorkmazG. KorolchukV.I. KorsnesM.S. KoskelaA. KotaJ. KotakeY. KotlerM.L. KouY. KoukourakisM.I. KoustasE. KovacsA.L. KovácsT. KoyaD. KozakoT. KraftC. KraincD. KrämerH. KrasnodembskayaA.D. Kretz-RemyC. KroemerG. KtistakisN.T. KuchitsuK. KuenenS. KuerschnerL. KukarT. KumarA. KumarA. KumarD. KumarD. KumarS. KumeS. KumstaC. KunduC.N. KunduM. KunnumakkaraA.B. KurganL. KutateladzeT.G. KutluO. KwakS. KwonH.J. KwonT.K. KwonY.T. KyrmiziI. La SpadaA. LabontéP. LadoireS. LafaceI. LafontF. LagaceD.C. LahiriV. LaiZ. LairdA.S. LakkarajuA. LamarkT. LanS.H. LandajuelaA. LaneD.J.R. LaneJ.D. LangC.H. LangeC. LangelÜ. LangerR. LapaquetteP. LaporteJ. LaRussoN.F. Lastres-BeckerI. LauW.C.Y. LaurieG.W. LavanderoS. LawB.Y.K. LawH.K. LayfieldR. LeW. Le StunffH. LearyA.Y. LebrunJ.J. LeckL.Y.W. Leduc-GaudetJ.P. LeeC. LeeC.P. LeeD.H. LeeE.B. LeeE.F. LeeG.M. LeeH.J. LeeH.K. LeeJ.M. LeeJ.S. LeeJ.A. LeeJ.Y. LeeJ.H. LeeM. LeeM.G. LeeM.J. LeeM.S. LeeS.Y. LeeS.J. LeeS.Y. LeeS.B. LeeW.H. LeeY.R. LeeY.H. LeeY. LefebvreC. LegouisR. LeiY.L. LeiY. LeikinS. LeitingerG. LemusL. LengS. LenoirO. LenzG. LenzH.J. LenziP. LeónY. LeopoldinoA.M. LeschczykC. LeskeläS. LetellierE. LeungC.T. LeungP.S. LeventhalJ.S. LevineB. LewisP.A. LeyK. LiB. LiD.Q. LiJ. LiJ. LiJ. LiK. LiL. LiM. LiM. LiM. LiM. LiM. LiP.L. LiM.Q. LiQ. LiS. LiT. LiW. LiW. LiX. LiY.P. LiY. LiZ. LiZ. LiZ. LianJ. LiangC. LiangQ. LiangW. LiangY. LiangY. LiaoG. LiaoL. LiaoM. LiaoY.F. LibrizziM. LieP.P.Y. LillyM.A. LimH.J. LimaT.R.R. LimanaF. LinC. LinC.W. LinD.S. LinF.C. LinJ.D. LinK.M. LinK.H. LinL.T. LinP.H. LinQ. LinS. LinS.J. LinW. LinX. LinY.X. LinY.S. LindenR. LindnerP. LingS.C. LingorP. LinnemannA.K. LiouY.C. LipinskiM.M. LipovšekS. LiraV.A. LisiakN. LitonP.B. LiuC. LiuC.H. LiuC.F. LiuC.H. LiuF. LiuH. LiuH.S. LiuH.F. LiuH. LiuJ. LiuJ. LiuJ. LiuL. LiuL. LiuM. LiuQ. LiuW. LiuW. LiuX.H. LiuX. LiuX. LiuX. LiuX. LiuY. LiuY. LiuY. LiuY. LiuY. LivingstonJ.A. LizardG. LizcanoJ.M. Ljubojevic-HolzerS. LLeonartM.E. Llobet-NavàsD. LlorenteA. LoC.H. Lobato-MárquezD. LongQ. LongY.C. LoosB. LoosJ.A. LópezM.G. López-DoménechG. López-GuerreroJ.A. López-JiménezA.T. López-PérezÓ. López-ValeroI. LorenowiczM.J. LorenteM. LorinczP. LossiL. LotersztajnS. LovatP.E. LovellJ.F. LovyA. LőwP. LuG. LuH. LuJ.H. LuJ.J. LuM. LuS. LucianiA. LucocqJ.M. LudovicoP. LuftigM.A. LuhrM. Luis-RaveloD. LumJ.J. Luna-DulceyL. LundA.H. LundV.K. LünemannJ.D. LüningschrörP. LuoH. LuoR. LuoS. LuoZ. LuparelloC. LüscherB. LuuL. LyakhovichA. LyamzaevK.G. LystadA.H. LytvynchukL. MaA.C. MaC. MaM. MaN.F. MaQ.H. MaX. MaY. MaZ. MacDougaldO.A. MacianF. MacIntoshG.C. MacKeiganJ.P. MacleodK.F. MadayS. MadeoF. MadeshM. MadlT. Madrigal-MatuteJ. MaedaA. MaejimaY. MagarinosM. MahavadiP. MaianiE. MaieseK. MaitiP. MaiuriM.C. MajelloB. MajorM.B. MakareevaE. MalikF. MallilankaramanK. MalorniW. MaloyanA. MammadovaN. ManG.C.W. ManaiF. ManciasJ.D. MandelkowE.M. MandellM.A. ManfrediA.A. ManjiliM.H. ManjithayaR. ManqueP. ManshianB.B. ManzanoR. ManzoniC. MaoK. MarcheseC. MarchettiS. MarconiA.M. MarcucciF. MardenteS. MareninovaO.A. MargetaM. MariM. MarinelliS. MarinelliO. MariñoG. MariottoS. MarshallR.S. MartenM.R. MartensS. MartinA.P.J. MartinK.R. MartinS. MartinS. Martín-SeguraA. Martín-AcebesM.A. Martin-BurrielI. Martin-RinconM. Martin-SanzP. MartinaJ.A. MartinetW. MartinezA. MartinezA. MartinezJ. Martinez VelazquezM. Martinez-LopezN. Martinez-VicenteM. MartinsD.O. MartinsJ.O. MartinsW.K. Martins-MarquesT. MarzettiE. MasaldanS. Masclaux-DaubresseC. MashekD.G. MassaV. MassieuL. MassonG.R. MasuelliL. MasyukA.I. MasyukT.V. MatarreseP. MatheuA. MatobaS. MatsuzakiS. MattarP. MatteA. MattoscioD. MaurizJ.L. MautheM. MauvezinC. MaverakisE. MaycotteP. MayerJ. MazzoccoliG. MazzoniC. MazzulliJ.R. McCartyN. McDonaldC. McGillM.R. McKennaS.L. McLaughlinB. McLoughlinF. McNivenM.A. McWilliamsT.G. Mechta-GrigoriouF. MedeirosT.C. MedinaD.L. MegeneyL.A. MegyeriK. MehrpourM. MehtaJ.L. MeijerA.J. MeijerA.H. MejlvangJ. MeléndezA. MelkA. MemisogluG. MendesA.F. MengD. MengF. MengT. Menna-BarretoR. MenonM.B. MercerC. MercierA.E. MergnyJ.L. MerighiA. MerkleyS.D. MerlaG. MeskeV. MestreA.C. MeturS.P. MeyerC. MeyerH. MiW. Mialet-PerezJ. MiaoJ. MicaleL. MikiY. MilanE. MilczarekM. MillerD.L. MillerS.I. MillerS. MillwardS.W. MilosevicI. MininaE.A. MirzaeiH. MirzaeiH.R. MirzaeiM. MishraA. MishraN. MishraP.K. Misirkic MarjanovicM. MisasiR. MisraA. MissoG. MitchellC. MitouG. MiuraT. MiyamotoS. MiyazakiM. MiyazakiM. MiyazakiT. MiyazawaK. MizushimaN. MogensenT.H. MograbiB. MohammadinejadR. MohamudY. MohantyA. MohapatraS. MöhlmannT. MohmmedA. MolesA. MoleyK.H. MolinariM. MollaceV. MøllerA.B. MollereauB. MollinedoF. MontagnaC. MonteiroM.J. MontellaA. MontesL.R. MonticoB. MonyV.K. Monzio CompagnoniG. MooreM.N. MoosaviM.A. MoraA.L. MoraM. Morales-AlamoD. MoratallaR. MoreiraP.I. MorelliE. MorenoS. Moreno-BlasD. MoresiV. MorgaB. MorganA.H. MorinF. MorishitaH. MoritzO.L. MoriyamaM. MoriyasuY. MorleoM. MorselliE. Moruno-ManchonJ.F. MoscatJ. MostowyS. MotoriE. MouraA.F. Moustaid-MoussaN. MrakovcicM. Muciño-HernándezG. MukherjeeA. MukhopadhyayS. Mulcahy LJ.M. MuleroV. MullerS. MünchC. MunjalA. Munoz-CanovesP. Muñoz-GaldeanoT. MünzC. MurakawaT. MuratoriC. MurphyB.M. MurphyJ.P. MurthyA. MyöhänenT.T. MysorekarI.U. MytychJ. NabaviS.M. NabissiM. NagyP. NahJ. NahimanaA. NakagawaI. NakamuraK. NakatogawaH. NandiS.S. NanjundanM. NanniM. NapolitanoG. NardacciR. NaritaM. NassifM. NathanI. NatsumedaM. NaudeR.J. NaumannC. NaveirasO. NavidF. NawrockiS.T. NazarkoT.Y. NazioF. NegoitaF. NeillT. NeischA.L. NeriL.M. NeteaM.G. NeubertP. NeufeldT.P. NeumannD. NeutznerA. NewtonP.T. NeyP.A. NezisI.P. NgC.C.W. NgT.B. NguyenH.T.T. NguyenL.T. NiH.M. Ní CheallaighC. NiZ. NicolaoM.C. NicoliF. Nieto-DiazM. NilssonP. NingS. NiranjanR. NishimuneH. Niso-SantanoM. NixonR.A. NobiliA. NobregaC. NodaT. Nogueira-RecaldeU. NolanT.M. NombelaI. NovakI. NovoaB. NozawaT. NukinaN. Nussbaum-KrammerC. NylandstedJ. O’DonovanT.R. O’LearyS.M. O’RourkeE.J. O’SullivanM.P. O’SullivanT.E. OddoS. OehmeI. OgawaM. Ogier-DenisE. OgmundsdottirM.H. OgretmenB. OhG.T. OhS.H. OhY.J. OhamaT. OhashiY. OhmurayaM. OikonomouV. OjhaR. OkamotoK. OkazawaH. OkuM. OlivánS. OliveiraJ.M.A. OllmannM. OlzmannJ.A. OmariS. OmaryM.B. ÖnalG. OndrejM. OngS.B. OngS.G. OnnisA. OrellanaJ.A. Orellana-MuñozS. Ortega-VillaizanM.D.M. Ortiz-GonzalezX.R. OrtonaE. OsiewaczH.D. OsmanA.K. OstaR. OteguiM.S. OtsuK. OttC. OttobriniL. OuJ.J. OuteiroT.F. OynebratenI. OzturkM. PagèsG. PahariS. PajaresM. PajvaniU.B. PalR. PaladinoS. PalletN. PalmieriM. PalmisanoG. PalumboC. PampaloniF. PanL. PanQ. PanW. PanX. PanasyukG. PandeyR. PandeyU.B. PandyaV. PaneniF. PangS.Y. PanzariniE. PapademetrioD.L. PapaleoE. PapinskiD. PappD. ParkE.C. ParkH.T. ParkJ.M. ParkJ.I. ParkJ.T. ParkJ. ParkS.C. ParkS.Y. ParolaA.H. ParysJ.B. PasquierA. PasquierB. PassosJ.F. PastoreN. PatelH.H. PatschanD. PattingreS. Pedraza-AlvaG. Pedraza-ChaverriJ. PedrozoZ. PeiG. PeiJ. Peled-ZehaviH. PellegriniJ.M. PelletierJ. PeñalvaM.A. PengD. PengY. PennaF. PennutoM. PentimalliF. PereiraC.M. PereiraG.J.S. PereiraL.C. Pereira de AlmeidaL. PereraN.D. Pérez-LaraÁ. Perez-OlivaA.B. Pérez-PérezM.E. PeriyasamyP. PerlA. PerrottaC. PerrottaI. PestellR.G. PetersenM. PetracheI. PetrovskiG. PfirrmannT. PfisterA.S. PhilipsJ.A. PiH. PiccaA. PickrellA.M. PicotS. PierantoniG.M. PierdominiciM. PierreP. Pierrefite-CarleV. PierzynowskaK. PietrocolaF. PietruczukM. PignataC. Pimentel-MuiñosF.X. PinarM. PinheiroR.O. Pinkas-KramarskiR. PintonP. PircsK. PiyaS. PizzoP. PlantingaT.S. PlattaH.W. Plaza-ZabalaA. PlomannM. PlotnikovE.Y. Plun-FavreauH. PlutaR. PocockR. PöggelerS. PohlC. PoirotM. PolettiA. PonpuakM. PopelkaH. PopovaB. PortaH. Porte AlconS. Portilla-FernandezE. PostM. PottsM.B. PoultonJ. PowersT. PrahladV. PrajsnarT.K. PraticòD. PrencipeR. PriaultM. Proikas-CezanneT. PromponasV.J. ProudC.G. PuertollanoR. PuglielliL. PulinilkunnilT. PuriD. PuriR. PuyalJ. QiX. QiY. QianW. QiangL. QiuY. QuadrilateroJ. QuarleriJ. RabenN. RabinowichH. RagonaD. RagusaM.J. RahimiN. RahmatiM. RaiaV. RaimundoN. RajasekaranN.S. RamachandraR.S. RamiA. Ramírez-PardoI. RamsdenD.B. RandowF. RangarajanP.N. RanieriD. RaoH. RaoL. RaoR. RathoreS. RatnayakaJ.A. RatovitskiE.A. RavananP. RavegniniG. RayS.K. RazaniB. RebeccaV. ReggioriF. Régnier-VigourouxA. ReichertA.S. ReigadaD. ReilingJ.H. ReinT. ReipertS. RekhaR.S. RenH. RenJ. RenW. RenaultT. RengaG. ReueK. RewitzK. Ribeiro de Andrade RamosB. RiazuddinS.A. Ribeiro-RodriguesT.M. RicciJ.E. RicciR. RiccioV. RichardsonD.R. RikihisaY. RisbudM.V. RisueñoR.M. RitisK. RizzaS. RizzutoR. RobertsH.C. RobertsL.D. RobinsonK.J. RoccheriM.C. RocchiS. RodneyG.G. RodriguesT. Rodrigues SilvaV.R. RodriguezA. Rodriguez-BarruecoR. Rodriguez-HencheN. Rodriguez-RochaH. RoelofsJ. RogersR.S. RogovV.V. RojoA.I. RolkaK. RomanelloV. RomaniL. RomanoA. RomanoP.S. Romeo-GuitartD. RomeroL.C. RomeroM. RoneyJ.C. RongoC. RopertoS. RosenfeldtM.T. RosenstielP. RosenwaldA.G. RothK.A. RothL. RothS. RouschopK.M.A. RousselB.D. RouxS. Rovere-QueriniP. RoyA. RozieresA. RuanoD. RubinszteinD.C. RubtsovaM.P. RuckdeschelK. RuckenstuhlC. RudolfE. RudolfR. RuggieriA. RupareliaA.A. RusminiP. RussellR.R. RussoG.L. RussoM. RussoR. RyabayaO.O. RyanK.M. RyuK.Y. Sabater-ArcisM. SachdevU. SacherM. SachseC. SadhuA. SadoshimaJ. SafrenN. SaftigP. SagonaA.P. SahayG. SahebkarA. SahinM. SahinO. SahniS. SaitoN. SaitoS. SaitoT. SakaiR. SakaiY. SakamakiJ.I. SakselaK. SalazarG. Salazar-DegraciaA. SalekdehG.H. SalujaA.K. Sampaio-MarquesB. SanchezM.C. Sanchez-AlcazarJ.A. Sanchez-VeraV. Sancho-ShimizuV. SandersonJ.T. SandriM. SantaguidaS. SantambrogioL. SantanaM.M. SantoniG. SanzA. SanzP. SaranS. SardielloM. SargeantT.J. SarinA. SarkarC. SarkarS. SarriasM.R. SarkarS. SarmahD.T. SarparantaJ. SathyanarayanA. SathyanarayananR. ScaglioneK.M. ScatozzaF. SchaeferL. SchaferZ.T. SchaibleU.E. SchapiraA.H.V. ScharlM. SchatzlH.M. ScheinC.H. ScheperW. ScheuringD. SchiaffinoM.V. SchiappacassiM. SchindlR. SchlattnerU. SchmidtO. SchmittR. SchmidtS.D. SchmitzI. SchmuklerE. SchneiderA. SchneiderB.E. SchoberR. SchoijetA.C. SchottM.B. SchrammM. SchröderB. SchuhK. SchüllerC. SchulzeR.J. SchürmannsL. SchwambornJ.C. SchwartenM. ScialoF. SciarrettaS. ScottM.J. ScottoK.W. ScovassiA.I. ScrimaA. ScrivoA. SebastianD. SebtiS. SedejS. SegatoriL. SegevN. SeglenP.O. SeiliezI. SekiE. SelleckS.B. SellkeF.W. SelsbyJ.T. SendtnerM. SenturkS. SeranovaE. SergiC. Serra-MorenoR. SesakiH. SettembreC. SettyS.R.G. SgarbiG. ShaO. ShackaJ.J. ShahJ.A. ShangD. ShaoC. ShaoF. SharbatiS. SharkeyL.M. SharmaD. SharmaG. SharmaK. SharmaP. SharmaS. ShenH.M. ShenH. ShenJ. ShenM. ShenW. ShenZ. ShengR. ShengZ. ShengZ.H. ShiJ. ShiX. ShiY.H. Shiba-FukushimaK. ShiehJ.J. ShimadaY. ShimizuS. ShimozawaM. ShintaniT. ShoemakerC.J. ShojaeiS. ShojiI. ShravageB.V. ShridharV. ShuC.W. ShuH.B. ShuiK. ShuklaA.K. ShuttT.E. SicaV. SiddiquiA. SierraA. Sierra-TorreV. SignorelliS. SilP. SilvaB.J.A. SilvaJ.D. Silva-PavezE. Silvente-PoirotS. SimmondsR.E. SimonA.K. SimonH.U. SimonsM. SinghA. SinghL.P. SinghR. SinghS.V. SinghS.K. SinghS.B. SinghS. SinghS.P. SinhaD. SinhaR.A. SinhaS. SirkoA. SirohiK. SivridisE.L. SkendrosP. SkiryczA. SlaninováI. SmailiS.S. SmertenkoA. SmithM.D. SoenenS.J. SohnE.J. SokS.P.M. SolainiG. SoldatiT. SoleimanpourS.A. SolerR.M. SolovchenkoA. SomarelliJ.A. SonawaneA. SongF. SongH.K. SongJ.X. SongK. SongZ. SoriaL.R. SoriceM. SoukasA.A. SoukupS.F. SousaD. SousaN. SpagnuoloP.A. SpectorS.A. Srinivas BharathM.M. St ClairD. StagniV. StaianoL. StalneckerC.A. StankovM.V. StathopulosP.B. StefanK. StefanS.M. StefanisL. SteffanJ.S. SteinkassererA. StenmarkH. SterneckertJ. StevensC. StokaV. StorchS. StorkB. StrappazzonF. StroheckerA.M. StupackD.G. SuH. SuL.Y. SuL. Suarez-FontesA.M. SubausteC.S. SubbianS. SubiradaP.V. SudhandiranG. SueC.M. SuiX. SummersC. SunG. SunJ. SunK. SunM.X. SunQ. SunY. SunZ. SunaharaK.K.S. SundbergE. SusztakK. SutovskyP. SuzukiH. SweeneyG. SymonsJ.D. SzeS.C.W. SzewczykN.J. Tabęcka-ŁonczynskaA. TabolacciC. TackeF. TaegtmeyerH. TafaniM. TagayaM. TaiH. TaitS.W.G. TakahashiY. TakatsS. TalwarP. TamC. TamS.Y. TampelliniD. TamuraA. TanC.T. TanE.K. TanY.Q. TanakaM. TanakaM. TangD. TangJ. TangT.S. TanidaI. TaoZ. TaouisM. TatenhorstL. TavernarakisN. TaylorA. TaylorG.A. TaylorJ.M. TchetinaE. TeeA.R. TegederI. TeisD. TeixeiraN. Teixeira-ClercF. TekirdagK.A. TencomnaoT. TenreiroS. TepikinA.V. TestillanoP.S. TettamantiG. TharauxP.L. ThedieckK. ThekkinghatA.A. ThellungS. ThinwaJ.W. ThirumalaikumarV.P. ThomasS.M. ThomesP.G. ThorburnA. ThukralL. ThumT. ThummM. TianL. TichyA. TillA. TimmermanV. TitorenkoV.I. TodiS.V. TodorovaK. ToivonenJ.M. TomaipitincaL. TomarD. Tomas-ZapicoC. TomićS. TongB.C. TongC. TongX. ToozeS.A. TorgersenM.L. ToriiS. Torres-LópezL. TorrigliaA. TowersC.G. TownsR. ToyokuniS. TrajkovicV. TramontanoD. TranQ.G. TravassosL.H. TrelfordC.B. TremelS. TrougakosI.P. TsaoB.P. TschanM.P. TseH.F. TseT.F. TsugawaH. TsvetkovA.S. TumbarelloD.A. TumtasY. TuñónM.J. TurcotteS. TurkB. TurkV. TurnerB.J. TuxworthR.I. TylerJ.K. TyuterevaE.V. UchiyamaY. Ugun-KlusekA. UhligH.H. Ułamek-KoziołM. UlasovI.V. UmekawaM. UngermannC. UnnoR. UrbeS. Uribe-CarreteroE. ÜstünS. UverskyV.N. VaccariT. VaccaroM.I. VahsenB.F. Vakifahmetoglu-NorbergH. ValdorR. ValenteM.J. ValkoA. ValleeR.B. ValverdeA.M. Van den BergheG. van der VeenS. Van KaerL. van LoosdregtJ. van WijkS.J.L. VandenbergheW. VanhorebeekI. Vannier-SantosM.A. VanniniN. VanrellM.C. VantaggiatoC. VaranoG. Varela-NietoI. VargaM. VasconcelosM.H. VatsS. VavvasD.G. Vega-NaredoI. Vega-Rubin-de-CelisS. VelascoG. VelázquezA.P. VellaiT. VellengaE. VelottiF. VerdierM. VerginisP. VergneI. VerkadeP. VermaM. VerstrekenP. VervlietT. VervoortsJ. VessoniA.T. VictorV.M. VidalM. VidoniC. VieiraO.V. VierstraR.D. ViganóS. VihinenH. VijayanV. VilaM. VilarM. VillalbaJ.M. VillaloboA. Villarejo-ZoriB. VillarroyaF. VillarroyaJ. VincentO. VindisC. ViretC. ViscomiM.T. VisnjicD. VitaleI. VocadloD.J. VoitsekhovskajaO.V. VolontéC. VoltaM. VomeroM. Von HaefenC. VooijsM.A. VoosW. VucicevicL. Wade-MartinsR. WaguriS. WaiteK.A. WakatsukiS. WalkerD.W. WalkerM.J. WalkerS.A. WalterJ. WandosellF.G. WangB. WangC.Y. WangC. WangC. WangC. WangC.Y. WangD. WangF. WangF. WangF. WangG. WangH. WangH. WangH. WangH.G. WangJ. WangJ. WangJ. WangJ. WangK. WangL. WangL. WangM.H. WangM. WangN. WangP. WangP. WangP. WangP. WangQ.J. WangQ. WangQ.K. WangQ.A. WangW.T. WangW. WangX. WangX. WangY. WangY. WangY. WangY.Y. WangY. WangY. WangY. WangY. WangZ. WangZ. WangZ. WarnesG. WarnsmannV. WatadaH. WatanabeE. WatchonM. WawrzyńskaA. WeaverT.E. WegrzynG. WehmanA.M. WeiH. WeiL. WeiT. WeiY. WeiergräberO.H. WeihlC.C. WeindlG. WeiskirchenR. WellsA. WenR.H. WenX. WernerA. WeykopfB. WheatleyS.P. WhittonJ.L. WhitworthA.J. WiktorskaK. WildenbergM.E. WilemanT. WilkinsonS. WillboldD. WilliamsB. WilliamsR.S.B. WilliamsR.L. WilliamsonP.R. WilsonR.A. WinnerB. WinsorN.J. WitkinS.S. WodrichH. WoehlbierU. WollertT. WongE. WongJ.H. WongR.W. WongV.K.W. WongW.W. WuA.G. WuC. WuJ. WuJ. WuK.K. WuM. WuS.Y. WuS. WuS.Y. WuS. WuW.K.K. WuX. WuX. WuY.W. WuY. XavierR.J. XiaH. XiaL. XiaZ. XiangG. XiangJ. XiangM. XiangW. XiaoB. XiaoG. XiaoH. XiaoH.T. XiaoJ. XiaoL. XiaoS. XiaoY. XieB. XieC.M. XieM. XieY. XieZ. XieZ. XilouriM. XuC. XuE. XuH. XuJ. XuJ. XuL. XuW.W. XuX. XueY. Yakhine-DiopS.M.S. YamaguchiM. YamaguchiO. YamamotoA. YamashinaS. YanS. YanS.J. YanZ. YanagiY. YangC. YangD.S. YangH. YangH.T. YangH. YangJ.M. YangJ. YangJ. YangL. YangL. YangM. YangP.M. YangQ. YangS. YangS. YangS.F. YangW. YangW.Y. YangX. YangX. YangY. YangY. YaoH. YaoS. YaoX. YaoY.G. YaoY.M. YasuiT. YazdankhahM. YenP.M. YiC. YinX.M. YinY. YinZ. YinZ. YingM. YingZ. YipC.K. YiuS.P.T. YooY.H. YoshidaK. YoshiiS.R. YoshimoriT. YousefiB. YuB. YuH. YuJ. YuJ. YuL. YuM.L. YuS.W. YuV.C. YuW.H. YuZ. YuZ. YuanJ. YuanL.Q. YuanS. YuanS.F. YuanY. YuanZ. YueJ. YueZ. YunJ. YungR.L. ZacksD.N. ZaffagniniG. ZambelliV.O. ZanellaI. ZangQ.S. ZanivanS. ZappavignaS. ZaragozaP. ZarbalisK.S. ZarebkohanA. ZarroukA. ZeitlinS.O. ZengJ. ZengJ.D. ŽerovnikE. ZhanL. ZhangB. ZhangD.D. ZhangH. ZhangH. ZhangH. ZhangH. ZhangH. ZhangH. ZhangH. ZhangH.L. ZhangJ. ZhangJ. ZhangJ.P. ZhangK.Y.B. ZhangL.W. ZhangL. ZhangL. ZhangL. ZhangL. ZhangM. ZhangP. ZhangS. ZhangW. ZhangX. ZhangX.W. ZhangX. ZhangX. ZhangX. ZhangX. ZhangX.D. ZhangY. ZhangY. ZhangY. ZhangY.D. ZhangY. ZhangY.Y. ZhangY. ZhangZ. ZhangZ. ZhangZ. ZhangZ. ZhangZ. ZhangZ. ZhaoH. ZhaoL. ZhaoS. ZhaoT. ZhaoX.F. ZhaoY. ZhaoY. ZhaoY. ZhaoY. ZhengG. ZhengK. ZhengL. ZhengS. ZhengX.L. ZhengY. ZhengZ.G. ZhivotovskyB. ZhongQ. ZhouA. ZhouB. ZhouC. ZhouG. ZhouH. ZhouH. ZhouH. ZhouJ. ZhouJ. ZhouJ. ZhouJ. ZhouK. ZhouR. ZhouX.J. ZhouY. ZhouY. ZhouY. ZhouZ.Y. ZhouZ. ZhuB. ZhuC. ZhuG.Q. ZhuH. ZhuH. ZhuH. ZhuW.G. ZhuY. ZhuY. ZhuangH. ZhuangX. Zientara-RytterK. ZimmermannC.M. ZivianiE. ZoladekT. ZongW.X. ZorovD.B. ZorzanoA. ZouW. ZouZ. ZouZ. ZurynS. ZwerschkeW. Brand-SaberiB. DongX.C. KenchappaC.S. LiZ. LinY. OshimaS. RongY. SluimerJ.C. StallingsC.L. TongC.K. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition).Autophagy2021171138210.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 33634751
    [Google Scholar]
  23. NdoyeA. WeeraratnaA.T. Autophagy- An emerging target for melanoma therapy.F1000 Res.20165F1000
    [Google Scholar]
  24. SumithraU. B16-F10: a murine melanoma model.2019Available from: https://www.labcorp.com/b16-f10-murine-melanoma-model (accessed on 30-8-2024)
  25. GlinskyG.V. GlinskyV.V. Apoptosis and metastasis: a superior resistance of metastatic cancer cells to programmed cell death.Cancer Lett.19961011435110.1016/0304‑3835(96)04112‑2 8625281
    [Google Scholar]
  26. MustikaR. BudiyantoA. NishigoriC. IchihashiM. UedaM. Decreased expression of Apaf‐1 with progression of melanoma.Pigment Cell Res.2005181596210.1111/j.1600‑0749.2004.00205.x 15649154
    [Google Scholar]
  27. ChuH. LiM. WangX. Capsaicin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma cells.Oncol. Lett.20191764827483410.3892/ol.2019.10206 31186689
    [Google Scholar]
  28. JeonS.J. ChoiE.Y. HanE.J. LeeS.W. MoonJ.M. JungS.H. JungJ.Y. Piperlongumine induces apoptosis via the MAPK pathway and ERK mediated autophagy in human melanoma cells.Int. J. Mol. Med.202352611510.3892/ijmm.2023.5318 37830157
    [Google Scholar]
  29. KosicM. PaunovicV. RisticB. MircicA. BosnjakM. StevanovicD. Kravic-StevovicT. TrajkovicV. Harhaji-TrajkovicL. 3-Methyladenine prevents energy stress-induced necrotic death of melanoma cells through autophagy-independent mechanisms.J. Pharmacol. Sci.2021147115616710.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.003 34294367
    [Google Scholar]
  30. McAfeeQ. ZhangZ. SamantaA. LeviS.M. MaX.H. PiaoS. LynchJ.P. UeharaT. SepulvedaA.R. DavisL.E. WinklerJ.D. AmaravadiR.K. Autophagy inhibitor Lys05 has single-agent antitumor activity and reproduces the phenotype of a genetic autophagy deficiency.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA2012109218253825810.1073/pnas.1118193109 22566612
    [Google Scholar]
  31. AhmadH. CrottsM.S. JacobsJ.C. BaerR.W. CoxJ.L. Shikonin causes non-apoptotic cell death in B16F10 melanoma.Anticancer. Agents Med. Chem.202323161880188710.2174/1871520623666230701000338
    [Google Scholar]
  32. VanP. JiangW. GottardoR. FinakG. ggCyto: next generation open-source visualization software for cytometry.Bioinformatics201834223951395310.1093/bioinformatics/bty441 29868771
    [Google Scholar]
  33. HammillD. DillonHammill/CytoExploreR.2021Available from: https://github.com/DillonHammill/CytoExploreR (accessed on 30-8-2024)
    [Google Scholar]
  34. FinakG. JiangM. flowWorkspace: Infrastructure for representing and interacting with gated and ungated cytometry data sets.. R package version 4.16.0.2024Available from: https://bioconductor.org/packages/flowWorkspace (accessed on 30-8-2024)
  35. FinakG. FrelingerJ. JiangW. NewellE.W. RameyJ. DavisM.M. KalamsS.A. De RosaS.C. GottardoR. OpenCyto: an open source infrastructure for scalable, robust, reproducible, and automated, end-to-end flow cytometry data analysis.PLOS Comput. Biol.2014108e100380610.1371/journal.pcbi.1003806 25167361
    [Google Scholar]
  36. MuruganS. AmaravadiR.K. Methods for studying autophagy within the tumor microenvironment.Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.201689914516610.1007/978‑3‑319‑26666‑4_9 27325266
    [Google Scholar]
  37. The R project for statistical computing.2024Available from: https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed on 30-8-2024)
  38. WickhamH. AverickM. BryanJ. ChangW. McGowanL. FrançoisR. GrolemundG. HayesA. HenryL. HesterJ. KuhnM. PedersenT. MillerE. BacheS. MüllerK. OomsJ. RobinsonD. SeidelD. SpinuV. TakahashiK. VaughanD. WilkeC. WooK. YutaniH. Welcome to the tidyverse.J. Open Source Softw.2019443168610.21105/joss.01686
    [Google Scholar]
  39. FoxJ. WeisbergS. An R Companion to Applied Regression.2019Available from: https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/ (accessed on 30-8-2024)
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Kassambara, A. rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests.2023Available from: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rstatix (accessed on 30-8-2024)
  41. SiddiquiS. DeshmukhA.J. MudaliarP. NalawadeA.J. IyerD. AichJ. Drug repurposing: re-inventing therapies for cancer without re-entering the development pipeline—a review.J. Egypt. Natl. Canc. Inst.20223413310.1186/s43046‑022‑00137‑0 35934727
    [Google Scholar]
  42. MartinR.J. RobertsonA.P. ChoudharyS. Ivermectin: An anthelmintic, an insecticide, and much more.Trends Parasitol.2021371486410.1016/j.pt.2020.10.005 33189582
    [Google Scholar]
  43. LiN. ZhanX. Anti-parasite drug ivermectin can suppress ovarian cancer by regulating lncRNA-EIF4A3-mRNA axes.EPMA J.202011228930910.1007/s13167‑020‑00209‑y 32549918
    [Google Scholar]
  44. LuoH. FengY. WangF. LinZ. HuangJ. LiQ. WangX. LiuX. ZhaiX. GaoQ. LiL. ZhangY. WenJ. ZhangL. NiuT. ZhengY. Combinations of ivermectin with proteasome inhibitors induce synergistic lethality in multiple myeloma.Cancer Lett.202356521621810.1016/j.canlet.2023.216218 37149018
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Dueñas-GonzálezA. Juárez-RodríguezM. Ivermectin: Potential Repurposing of a Versatile Antiparasitic as a Novel Anticancer.Drug Repurposing - Molecular Aspects and Therapeutic ApplicationsIntechOpen2022
    [Google Scholar]
  46. LaingR. GillanV. DevaneyE. Ivermectin – old drug, new tricks?Trends Parasitol.201733646347210.1016/j.pt.2017.02.004 28285851
    [Google Scholar]
  47. CrumpA. Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted ‘wonder’ drug continues to surprise and exceed expectations.J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)201770549550510.1038/ja.2017.11 28196978
    [Google Scholar]
  48. ZhouS. WuH. NingW. WuX. XuX. MaY. LiX. HuJ. WangC. WangJ. Ivermectin has new application in inhibiting colorectal cancer cell growth.Front. Pharmacol.20211271752910.3389/fphar.2021.717529 34483925
    [Google Scholar]
  49. LeeD.E. KangH.W. KimS.Y. KimM.J. JeongJ.W. HongW.C. FangS. KimH.S. LeeY.S. KimH.J. ParkJ.S. Ivermectin and gemcitabine combination treatment induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction.Front. Pharmacol.20221393474610.3389/fphar.2022.934746 36091811
    [Google Scholar]
  50. ZhangX. QinT. ZhuZ. HongF. XuY. ZhangX. XuX. MaA. Ivermectin augments the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of cisplatin in epithelial ovarian cancer by suppressing Akt/mTOR signaling.Am. J. Med. Sci.2020359212312910.1016/j.amjms.2019.11.001 32039764
    [Google Scholar]
  51. GaoA. WangX. XiangW. LiangH. GaoJ. YanY. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in vitro by doramectin and nemadectin.J. Pharm. Pharmacol.201062339339910.1211/jpp.62.03.0016 20487225
    [Google Scholar]
  52. LiuJ. LiangH. ChenC. WangX. QuF. WangH. YangK. WangQ. ZhaoN. MengJ. GaoA. Ivermectin induces autophagy-mediated cell death through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in glioma cells.Biosci. Rep.20193912BSR2019248910.1042/BSR20192489 31755894
    [Google Scholar]
  53. CavalcanteG.C. SchaanA.P. CabralG.F. Santana-da-SilvaM.N. PintoP. VidalA.F. Ribeiro-dos-SantosÂ. A cell’s fate: An overview of the molecular biology and genetics of apoptosis.Int. J. Mol. Sci.20192017413310.3390/ijms20174133 31450613
    [Google Scholar]
  54. EnariM. SakahiraH. YokoyamaH. OkawaK. IwamatsuA. NagataS. A caspase-activated DNase that degrades DNA during apoptosis, and its inhibitor ICAD.Nature19983916662435010.1038/34112 9422506
    [Google Scholar]
  55. GaoW. WangX. ZhouY. WangX. YuY. Autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in tumor immunotherapy.Signal Transduct. Target. Ther.20227119610.1038/s41392‑022‑01046‑3 35725836
    [Google Scholar]
  56. YangH. MaY. ChenG. ZhouH. YamazakiT. KleinC. PietrocolaF. VacchelliE. SouquereS. SauvatA. ZitvogelL. KeppO. KroemerG. Contribution of RIP3 and MLKL to immunogenic cell death signaling in cancer chemotherapy.OncoImmunology201656e114967310.1080/2162402X.2016.1149673 27471616
    [Google Scholar]
  57. WangY.Y. ShiL.Y. ZhuZ.T. WangQ.J. A new pyroptosis model can predict the immunotherapy response and immune microenvironment characteristics and prognosis of patients with cutaneous melanoma based on TCGA and GEO databases.Ann. Transl. Med.202210635335310.21037/atm‑22‑1095 35434038
    [Google Scholar]
  58. CamilioK.A. BergeG. RavuriC.S. RekdalØ. SveinbjørnssonB. Complete regression and systemic protective immune responses obtained in B16 melanomas after treatment with LTX-315.Cancer Immunol. Immunother.201463660161310.1007/s00262‑014‑1540‑0 24676901
    [Google Scholar]
  59. Del BelloB. ToscanoM. MorettiD. MaellaroE. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis inhibits autophagy, which acts as a pro-survival mechanism in human melanoma cells.PLoS One201382e5723610.1371/journal.pone.0057236 23437349
    [Google Scholar]
  60. MariñoG. Niso-SantanoM. BaehreckeE.H. KroemerG. Self-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis.Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.2014152819410.1038/nrm3735 24401948
    [Google Scholar]
  61. SunZ. ZhengL. LiuX. XingW. LiuX. Sinomenine inhibits the growth of melanoma by enhancement of autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition.Drug Des. Devel. Ther.2018122413242110.2147/DDDT.S155798 30122899
    [Google Scholar]
  62. IshibashiY. NakamuraO. YamagamiY. NishimuraH. FukuokaN. YamamotoT. Chloroquine Enhances Rapamycin-induced Apoptosis in MG63 Cells.Anticancer Res.201939264965410.21873/anticanres.13159 30711941
    [Google Scholar]
  63. WangF.T. WangH. WangQ.W. PanM.S. LiX.P. SunW. FanY.Z. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine enhances the antitumor activity of gemcitabine for gallbladder cancer.Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.202086222123210.1007/s00280‑020‑04100‑5 32654071
    [Google Scholar]
  64. PetiotA. Ogier-DenisE. BlommaartE.F.C. MeijerA.J. CodognoP. Distinct classes of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinases are involved in signaling pathways that control macroautophagy in HT-29 cells.J. Biol. Chem.2000275299299810.1074/jbc.275.2.992 10625637
    [Google Scholar]
  65. KroemerG. GalluzziL. VandenabeeleP. AbramsJ. AlnemriE.S. BaehreckeE.H. BlagosklonnyM.V. El-DeiryW.S. GolsteinP. GreenD.R. HengartnerM. KnightR.A. KumarS. LiptonS.A. MalorniW. NuñezG. PeterM.E. TschoppJ. YuanJ. PiacentiniM. ZhivotovskyB. MelinoG. Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009.Cell Death Differ.200916131110.1038/cdd.2008.150 18846107
    [Google Scholar]
  66. FilomeniG. De ZioD. CecconiF. Oxidative stress and autophagy: the clash between damage and metabolic needs.Cell Death Differ.201522337738810.1038/cdd.2014.150 25257172
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Roca-AgujetasV. de DiosC. LestónL. MaríM. MoralesA. ColellA. Recent insights into the mitochondrial role in autophagy and its regulation by oxidative stress.Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev.2019201911610.1155/2019/3809308 31781334
    [Google Scholar]
  68. HseuY.C. ChiangY.C. Vudhya GowrisankarY. LinK.Y. HuangS.T. ShresthaS. ChangG.R. YangH.L. The in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of chalcone flavokawain B through induction of ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death in human melanoma cells.Cancers (Basel)20201210293610.3390/cancers12102936 33053749
    [Google Scholar]
  69. JungC.H. RoS.H. CaoJ. OttoN.M. KimD.H. mTOR regulation of autophagy.FEBS Lett.201058471287129510.1016/j.febslet.2010.01.017 20083114
    [Google Scholar]
  70. ZhengY. WangK. WuY. ChenY. ChenX. HuC.W. HuF. Pinocembrin induces ER stress mediated apoptosis and suppresses autophagy in melanoma cells.Cancer Lett.2018431314210.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.026 29807112
    [Google Scholar]
  71. WhiteE. Autophagy and p53.Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med.201664a02612010.1101/cshperspect.a026120 27037419
    [Google Scholar]
  72. MaiuriM.C. GalluzziL. MorselliE. KeppO. MalikS.A. KroemerG. Autophagy regulation by p53.Curr. Opin. Cell Biol.201022218118510.1016/j.ceb.2009.12.001 20044243
    [Google Scholar]
  73. ShimD. P53-regulated autophagy and its impact on drug resistance and cell fate.Cancer Drug Resist.2021418595
    [Google Scholar]
  74. XingY. WeiX. LiuY. WangM.M. SuiZ. WangX. ZhuW. WuM. LuC. FeiY.H. JiangY. ZhangY. WangY. GuoF. CaoJ.L. QiJ. WangW. Autophagy inhibition mediated by MCOLN1/TRPML1 suppresses cancer metastasis via regulating a ROS-driven TP53/p53 pathway.Autophagy20221881932195410.1080/15548627.2021.2008752 34878954
    [Google Scholar]
  75. ZhengX. ZhangJ. LiS. GaoX. ZhangY. WangM. DongL. SunL. ZhaoN. MaZ. DingC. WangY. Low doses of niclosamide and quinacrine combination yields synergistic effect in melanoma via activating autophagy-mediated p53-dependent apoptosis.Transl. Oncol.20222110142510.1016/j.tranon.2022.101425 35460941
    [Google Scholar]
  76. SuiX. JinL. HuangX. GengS. HeC. HuX. p53 signaling and autophagy in cancer: A revolutionary strategy could be developed for cancer treatment.Autophagy20117656557110.4161/auto.7.6.14073 21099252
    [Google Scholar]
  77. LiM.Y. ZhangJ. LuX. ZhouD. DengX.F. LiuQ.X. DaiJ.G. ZhengH. Ivermectin induces nonprotective autophagy by downregulating PAK1 and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells.Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.2024931415410.1007/s00280‑023‑04589‑6 37741955
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/acamc/10.2174/0118715206325844240909144543
Loading
/content/journals/acamc/10.2174/0118715206325844240909144543
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:
    Research Article
Keyword(s): apoptosis; autophagy; cancer; cell death; doramectin; ivermectin; Melanoma
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test