Over the past decades an increased importance has been given to gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in the management of children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) considering that mucosal healing has been recognized as the optimal endpoint in the treat-to-target paradigm. The recent advances in technology and anesthesia have facilitated the comprehensive evaluation of the GI tract. In this review we will discuss the role of ileocolonoscopy Read More

Despite the implementation of global iodine supplementation initiatives in the past decade the problem of iodine deficiency persists as a significant public health concern in numerous countries. Although cretinism is now rare in developed countries iodine deficiency can still lead to less severe cognitive deficits which can negatively impact academic achievement intellectual capacity and work productivity. There is a scarcity of studies regarding the status Read More

The cornerstone of treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants is surfactant administration traditionally performed through an invasive procedure involving tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Consequently there has been a growing interest in exploring less invasive methods of surfactant delivery to mitigate the associated risks. Currently several techniques are under evaluation including intratracheal instillation using a thi Read More

BackgroundTo date few studies have compared the effectiveness of exogenous surfactant therapy with Curosurf and Beraksurf in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates.ObjectiveSince surfactant has a significant impact on the treatment of neonates with RDS this study was conducted to introduce a more effective method for treating preterm neonates with RDS.MethodsThe present clinical trial was conducted on Read More

BackgroundCholestatic liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and a leading indication for liver transplantation in children. These include diseases such as biliary atresia Alagille syndrome progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis sclerosing cholangitis bile acid synthesis defects and many others.Case PresentationNGS was used as a diagnostic tool to identify the genetic cause in the patient with cholestatic syndrome and to figu Read More

Antibiotic misuse among children continues to be one of the major critical public health issues worldwide particularly in developing countries such as Jordan. Incorrect antibiotic use is hugely influenced by parents' knowledge and attitudes on the subject at hand. This review therefore seeks to establish the current state of parental knowledge and attitudes toward antibiotics in Jordanian children with particular emphasis on those gaps in awareness and knowl Read More

Introduction The diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is challenging due to the lower sensitivity of microbiological tests such as culture and microscopy compared to their performance in adult cases. Guidelines have introduced molecular tests including GeneXpert MTB/RIF and GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra. These tests use a real-time polymerase chain reaction method and provide information on M. tuberculosis detection and drug-resistance-associated mut Read More

Background Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) is the leading bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis in children and adolescents worldwide. Objective This article aims to familiarize clinicians with the clinical manifestations evaluation diagnosis and management of GABHS pharyngitis. Methods A search was conducted in December 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term “group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis”. This review covers Read More