Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials - Volume 16, Issue 4, 2021

Machine Learning, a fast-growing technology, is an application of Artificial Intelligence that has provided important contributes to drug discovery and clinical development. In the last few years, the number of clinical applications based on Machine Learning has been constantly growing and this is now affecting the National Competent Authorities during the assessment of most recently submitted Clinical Trials that are designed, Read More

Background: Radiotherapy represents one of the main therapeutic modalities for localized prostate cancer. In the last two decades, emerging data regarding the radiobiology of prostate cancer suggests a very low α/β value, which has led the scientific community to evaluate the potential advantage of hypofractionation. Objective: The aim of this manuscript is to present the rationale of prostate radiobiology and the medic Read More

Background: Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (IRI) is a serious threat that characterizes the liver but also other transplantable organs. The worst effect of long-term IRI on an impaired graft could lead to irreversible damage and organ failure. Several events characterize the cascade that ultimately leads to organ failure. Among all, multiple strategies have been attempted to identify early phenomena of IRI with diverg Read More

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global issue today. There exists an ongoing health crisis all over the world, and efficacious drugs against COVID-19 are not available yet. Therefore, on an urgent basis, scientists are looking for safe and efficacious drugs against SARSCoV- 2. Methods: The reported individual patient data and Read More

Background: Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) may be part of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). However, sometimes suspected LPR seems refractory to Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), questioning therefore the GERD diagnosis. Our aim was to evaluate the real-life prevalence of GERD in patients with a recent laryngoscopic diagnosis of LPR, and unresponsive to PPI. We also assessed whether other causes than GERD could Read More

Introduction: HCV infection elimination is set to be carried out by 2030. To achieve this goal, the WHO has set minor achievable short-term “mini-goals.” One of these is treating “difficult to reach and treat populations,” such as prisoners. One of the biggest obstacles to achieving this mini goal is the poor knowledge of the real HCV prevalence in such a population and the barriers to its detection, treatment, and follow-up. Even if Read More

Background: Interim analysis is an integral component of clinical research and drug development in particular and helps reduce ‘time to market’ for an intervention or stop further development of unsafe and ineffective interventions. In this audit, we evaluated the extent of use of interim analyses in published RCTs in three leading journals and their impact on regulatory approval. Methodology: RCTs published in JAMA, NEJM Read More

Background: Alcohol dependence is a significant public health problem, contributing to the global health burden. Due to its immense socio-economic burden, various psychosocial, psychological, and pharmacological approaches have attempted to alter the behaviour of the patient misusing or abusing alcohol, but their efficacy is modest at best. Therefore, there is a search for newer treatment approaches, including Read More