Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials - Online First

Wernicke Encephalopathy (W.E.) is an acute neurological disorder induced by thiamine deficiency. Alcohol abuse is considered to be the leading cause of the disease; however, numerous other conditions, such as malnutrition or cancer, have been identified as potential risk factors.

Clinical manifestations include a typical triad of mental status alteration, nystagmus, and ataxia and are attributed to damage in brain regions of high thiamine demand. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and further supported by the immediate response of neurological signs to parenteral thiamine administration. Among paraclinical examinations, brain MRI is considered substantial for diagnosis and is supported by the determination of thiamine blood levels.

Non-alcoholic W.E. is trickier to diagnose due to its atypical clinical course and risk factors. We herein describe a case of non-alcoholic W.E. in a woman with colon cancer who gradually developed the classic symptoms of thiamine deficiency.

Millions of people worldwide suffer from dry eye disease. Dry eye, a multifunctional condition of the ocular surface, typically occurs in conjunction with an unbalanced tear film. With increasing age, the dry eye problem becomes worse. Aqueous-deficit dry eye and evaporative dry eye are the two traditional classifications for dry eye. Various examination tools are used to diagnose dry eye. Clinical trials are conducted in four phases to check the safety and efficacy of drugs. The quick clearance from the precorneal space is ensured by the eye's advanced defense mechanism. It restricts the integrated medicine's entry into the eyes, resulting in a usually low bioavailability for topical eyedrops. In this study, we focus on recently developed formulations for curing dry eye.

This review's goal was to outline the etiology, clinical discovery and development, patents, and recent advancements for dry eye disease.

The current study has described the widespread incidence of dry eye, which was found to be more common as people aged and recently developed formulations are treating dry eyes. According to research, novel formulations are enhancing ocular drug delivery.

In this review, etiology, clinical data, dry eye formulation patents, and recent advancements are all included.

The aim of this study was to assess the role of seminal Malondialdehyde Acid (MDA) in the diagnosis of male infertility.

Both male and female infertility is increasing all over the world.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of seminal MDA levels on various semen parameters of healthy fertile men and men with infertility, and to know the efficacy of seminal MDA in the diagnosis of male infertility.

This case-control study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of a tertiary care center in rural Southern India over a period of two years. The study included 90 infertile men (≥21-50 years) having some pathology in semen reports as cases and 90 fertile men (having biological children) with normal semen reports as controls. Biochemical tests for MDA were performed using Human MDA Assay kits on 180 cryopreserved semen samples following the standard protocol. Results of seminal MDA levels were assessed among cases and controls and correlated with different semen parameters.

The mean±SD age for cases was 30.10 ± 4.75 years, and for controls, it was 29.79 ± 5.08 years. Of all the cases, 44 (48.9%) had asthenozoospermia, 22 (24.4%) had oligoasthenozoospermia, 14(15.6%) had oligozoospermia, and 10 (11.1%) had azoospermia. A statistically substantial variance was observed in mean values of MDA (1.03 ± 0.31 mmol/mL vs. 0.60 ± 0.14 mmol/mL; p =0.001) between fertile men and men with abnormal semen reports. A negative association was observed between semen MDA levels with sperm motility, concentration, and normal morphology in 180 participants. The sensitivity of MDA for male infertility prediction was 86.67% at 76.67% specificity, 78.79% positive predictive value, and 78.79% negative predictive value.

MDA has been found to be a promising biomarker for predicting male infertility. However, large sample sizes and prospective cohort studies are required to further confirm its predictive accuracy across various populations.