A Biodegradable and Biocompatible Dental Hemostatic Gelatin Sponge Containing Aloe Vera Nanoparticles; Investigation in Rat Animal Model

A variety of hemostatic materials have been provided to accelerate the blood clotting process in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility and biodegradability of a hemostatic dental sponge containing aloe vera nanoparticles in rat animal models.

Twelve adult Wistar rats in the weight range of 200 ± 30 grams and the same age range were randomly divided into two groups of test and control, and each group was divided into three subgroups of 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days. For implantation of the sponge, the animals were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine, and a piece of the sponge was implanted under the skin at the cut site. In the control group of rats, only the skin was cut and sutured. After the specified number of days, the rats were anesthetized, and in addition to blood sampling, a tissue sample was taken from the animal's surgical site and fixed in 10% formalin. Then the samples were examined in macroscopic and microscopic conditions and finally, the obtained data were statistically analyzed.

The results obtained in the present study indicated that the hemostat sponge had no side effects (biocompatible). In addition, it was completely absorbed during the 14 days of the study (biodegradable).

According to the characteristics of biocompatibility and biodegradability, the studied sponge can be used to control bleeding during dental surgeries or tooth extraction.