Dichlorophosphoryl Isocyanate: Synthesis, Chemical Reactions, and Biological Activity of its Derivatives

Dichlorophosphoryl isocyanate (DCPI) is the most basic and easy phosphoric isocyanate substrate that introduces organic moieties. Synthesized since 1954, the DCPI has a high reactivity toward primary and secondary alkyl, alcohols, phenols, thiols, and amines via the nucleophilic addition reaction on the carbon atom of the isocyanate group. In addition to their synthesis, the resulting products undergo nucleophilic substitutions of the chlorine atoms. Their reactions with nucleophilic and bi-nucleophile reagents yield acyclic and P-heterocyclic compounds, respectively. The resulting compounds have different potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities.