Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biological Activity of Sulfonamide Derivatives

This review describes different synthetic methods for the preparation of sulfonamides. Generally, sulfonamides are synthesized from sulfonyl chloride derivative and amino derivative. A series of sulfonamide derivatives 7a-c, 8a,b, 9, 10, 11a,b, and 12 were synthesized in alkaline media by reacting different amino compounds with a p-toluene sulfonyl chloride. Different amino derivatives 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 reacted with p-tolyl sulphonyl chloride to afford sulfonylamides 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22. Different reactions of sulfonamide derivatives have been summarized. Generally, the sulfonamide function group does not participate in any reactions, but other functional groups in the compound are involved in various reactions. Sulfonamides exhibit different biological activities, e.g., antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, urease inhibitory activity, radical scavenging activity, carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity, non-competitive lactoperoxidase inhibitory activity, antifungal activity, and anti-mycobacterial activity.