Insight into the Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Structure-activity Relationship of Benzothiazole and Benzothiazole-hydrazone Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review

Heterocyclic compounds constitute the most important part of medicinal as well as organic chemistry. Most of the marketed drugs possess therapeutic activity because of the presence of heterocyclic scaffolds as part of their structure. A slight change in the structure of the heterocyclic moieties may result in a major change in the therapeutic response of the drug candidate. Among all heterocycle compounds, the compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur atoms serve as a unique resource for drug development, such as benzothiazoles. Benzothiazole is a benzofused heterocyclic that is widely reported as a constituent of naturally occurring chemicals and chiefly responsible for their pharmacological potential. It was also reported that the pharmacological activity of BTA may also be influenced by its coupling with aldehydes, ketones, or hydrazines to form respected benzothiazole-hydrazone derivatives. The present comprehensive review consists of various synthesis methods, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of and targets of benzothiazole and benzothiazole-hydrazone derivatives to provide a wide range of information to medicinal chemists for future research work.