A Review of the Synthesis of Nitric Oxide Donor and Donor Derivatives with Pharmacological Activities

Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule and signal transduction molecule, which participates in the regulation of multiple functions in organisms, involving various a variety ofphysiological and pathological processes, especially playing a very important role in the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. NO is a gaseous substance with a short half-life in the body and is unstable in aqueous solutions. Therefore, many researchers focus on the release and activity of NO donors and their derivatives. However, NO donors can release free NO or NO analogues under physiological conditions to meet the human need. NO donors can be coupled with the corresponding active basic nucleus, so that they have the biological activity derived from both the basic nucleus and the NO donors, thus performing better bioactivity. This paper reviewed the routes of synthesis and advance activities of NO donor derivatives.