Phage Display as A Bio-Technique for Cancer Immunotherapy

Background: Phage display is a biotechnological technique that presents peptides with coated proteins on the surface of phage. In the last two decades, growing applications of phage display in various fields of biotechnology have been investigated. Phage display libraries allow to present billions of peptides on phage surface for selection of a specific peptide with the desired affinity. Objective: In this regard, high-affinity phage antibodies against tumor antigens are produced and applied for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Methods: Moreover, phage display libraries are employed to select the high affinity T Cell Receptors (TCRs) for the peptide-MHC complex which is an attractive approach in cancer immunotherapy. Due to immunogenic properties of phage particles, phage-based vaccines do not require adjuvant, in addition the phage particles can effectively take up by Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs). Results: Taken together, phage-based cancer vaccines are ideal candidates that provide a key for eradication of tumor cells. Conclusion: In this review, we focus on various applications of a phage display platform in different types of cancer immunotherapy approaches.