Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders) - Volume 21, Issue 2, 2021

Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad is a species native to Iran and is highly important in Southwestern regions. It belongs to the Lamiaceae family and grows in different climates. A number of pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-thyroid, antioxidant, and diuretic have been attributed to this plant. In recent years, a wide range of biological properties, extract, and essential oil of Satureja kh Read More

Background: Premature infants are considered high-risk subgroup for neonatal sepsis due to yet defective immune system, interventions practised and synergy of factors favoring multiple resistance of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens to antimicrobial agents. Case Presentation: We present a case of late-onset neonatal sepsis in a premature infant caused by an uncommon pathogen; a premature infant of extremely Read More

Background and Objective: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and epidemiological features of CL in Iran by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The literature search was performed in the SID, Magiran, IranDoc, PubMed, Scopus, Medlib, as well as the Google Scholar search engine databases to Read More

Background: Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin (TAs) systems are extensive two-component elements in the bacterial genome, which are involved in many key biological functions, including growth arrest, survival, biofilm formation, plasmid maintenance, defense against phages, persistence, and virulence. Aim: This study aimed to assess the molecular determinants involved in TAs, biofilm quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance Read More

Background: Bacteria induced sepsis is common in infants and children. Staphylococcus aureus produces numerous exotoxins, like staphylococcal Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST- 1), which stimulate the immune system by T cell activation and inflammation in various organs. Recent studies suggest that staphylococcal toxins, generally named super antigens (SAgs), may also have a significant role in the pathogenesis of some Read More

Background: Human hydatidosis is mostly a latent and neglected disease with known endemicity in Iran. Aims: Due to the importance of this infection in the country and its latent nature, we aimed to evaluate the serological status of hydatid cyst in northwestern Iran. Objectives: Herein, we evaluated the serological status of hydatid cyst in urban and rural inhabitants of Jolfa county, northwestern Iran during 2017-2018. M Read More

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impairs renal function, thereby affecting renal phosphate metabolism. Objectives: We prospectively estimated the prevalence of phosphate abnormalities (mild, moderate to life-threatening hypophosphataemia, and hyperphosphataemia) before initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 170 consecuti Read More

Background: Acanthamoebiasis treatment is a major and challenging problem due to the presence of resistant cyst form. Many herbal extracts and their derivatives have been used against trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba, but no effective therapeutic agent has yet been discovered. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Rumex obtusifolius (R. obtusifolius) extracts against a clinical strain of Acan Read More

Background: Echinococcus granulosus and Toxocara spp., the causative agents of hydatid cyst and toxocariasis in humans and animals, are zoonotic infections with medical and veterinary significance respectively. Aim: Herein, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and cystic echinococcosis in Urmia municipal workers (gardeners and sweepers) in 2018 using ELISA assay. Objective: There is no precis Read More

Background: This study was designed to analyze the global research on Lophomonas spp. using bibliometric techniques. Methods: A bibliometric research was carried out using the Scopus database. The analysis unit was the research articles conducted on Lophomonas spp. Results: A total of 56 articles on Lophomonas spp. were indexed in the Scopus throughout 1933-2019 (87 years) with the following information: (A) The firs Read More

Objective: Source of infection in a burn patient is from the patient’s flora, contaminated environmental surfaces and transmitted from health care workers. Insufficiently disinfected hospital environmental surface provides a niche for multidrug resistant bacteria. This study was carried out to assess the bacteriological profile of the pathogens from burn wounds and the surrounding environmental areas. Methods: During 6 mon Read More

Objective: The aim of the present study was to study the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qepA, oqxA, oqxB and aac) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from patients with nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) and its relation to the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 non-duplicat Read More

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms and signs of infection in the first twenty-eight days of life. Serum thyroid, cortisol and hepcidin are affected by neonatal sepsis. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of serum thyroid hormones including free triiodothyronine (free TT3) and free tetraiodothyronine (free TT4), serum cortisol and hepcidin levels th Read More

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infection with a significant economic burden on the health care system in developing countries like India. Rising antibiotic resistance is a matter of great concern. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern in patients with UTI in Tertiary Care Hospital in western Rajasthan India. Settings Read More

Introduction: The human being is considered a natural host for Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), which causes trichomoniasis, the most frequent non-viral sexually transmitted infectious disease in the world. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and sequencing of T. vaginalis in women with vaginitis. Methods: In the current research, 514 vaginal discharge samples were obtained from women with vaginitis. The s Read More

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important infectious causes of death throughout the world. A wide range of technologies have been used for the diagnosis of TB. However, current diagnostic tests are inadequate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of four genes, namely ASUN, NEMF, PTPRC and DHX29 as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and Read More

Background: Meropenem standard doses are based on the minimum inhibitory concentration of sensitive pathogens and the pharmacokinetic parameter of not critically ill patients. We compared the efficacy of high versus standard dose of meropenem in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods: 24 out of 34 eligible patients were randomized to receive meropenem 3 g q8h (high dose group, 11 patients) or 2 g q8h Read More

Introduction: Nowadays, the co-infection of different classes of pathogens is a major concern. The objective of this study was to develop a successful therapy for keratitis caused by the co-infection of Candida sp. with Pseudomonas sp, which is difficult to cure. The study is based on a 47 years old male farmer showing redness and watering in the right eye for 15-days. Methods: The microbiological examination was perfor Read More

Background: We report a case of spinal abscess/osteomyelitis at the T9-T10 levels in a non-immunocompromised patient who presented with lower extremity weakness secondary to a Mycobacterium abscessus infection. This patient was successfully treated with surgical debridement with amikacin-tigecycline-imipenem triple therapy before and after her debridement. Outcomes and treatment with this rare cause of epidur Read More

Background: Iran, which is regarded as an endemic region for brucellosis, ranks second in brucella prevalence in the world. Pulmonary involvement is a rare complication of brucellosis. In this article, we aimed to report a case of systemic brucellosis complicated with brucella pneumonia. Case Presentation: A 39-years-old man was referred to the emergency department with weakness, productive coughs and severe weight loss Read More