Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders) - Volume 18, Issue 3, 2018

RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing is a strong mechanism of gene silencing which is moderated by MicroRNAs (miRNAs), underlying many fields of eukaryotic biology. The miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and a gene regulation expression system which showing a tissue-specific expression pattern, and inhibits protein synthesis. For the first time, miRNA has been seen in Caenorhabditis el Read More

Hematopoiesis is the process which generates all the mature blood cells from the rare pool of Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Asymmetric cell division of HSCs provide it dual capacity for self-renewal and multi-potent differentiation. Hematopoiesis is a steady state process in which mature blood cells are produced at the same rate at which they are lost, establishing a homeostasis. HSCs are regulated through their environm Read More

Objectives: There is limited published data concerning the recent epidemiology of urinary tract infections (UTI) in HIV-patients, thus we analysed independent risk factors for UTI in HIV positive individuals and antimicrobial resistance rates of E. coli to antimicrobial agents commonly used in UTI. To determine the prevalence of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) in HIV-patients, we performed a retrospective case-contr Read More

Background: The initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens recommended by most national treatment guidelines in resource-limited settings consist of two Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) and one Non-Nucleoside Reverse- Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI). The NRTIs are Zidovudine (AZT) or Stavudine (d4T) with Lamivudine (3TC); the NNRTI components are either Nevirapine (NVP) or Efavirenz (EFV). Existi Read More

Background: Because of the unknown situation of antibiotic resistance pattern in the main hospital in Ilam, Iran, we aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic bacteria obtained from referred patients to Imam Khomaini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. So, 114 bacteria were collected during 9-month period and evaluated for their antibiotic resistance patterns. Results: Our results demonstrated that Escherichi Read More

Background: Hospital infections are a public health problem that can occur with the use of catheters and endotracheal tubes (ETT). Pathogenic microorganisms may adhere to surfaces of these materials forming a biofilm and produce an extracellular polymer matrix that promotes resistance of microorganisms to factors such as pH, temperature and drugs. The conventional treatment is being made by antibiotics, w Read More

Background: Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Norovirus proteases, which are responsible for cleavage of the viral polyprotein, have become an attractive drug target to treat norovirus infections. Genogroup II (GII) noroviruses are responsible for a majority of outbreaks; however, limited data exists regarding GII norovirus proteases. Methods: We report here successful expression, purificatio Read More

Background: Widal test is the most widely used laboratory investigation for diagnosis of typhoid. However, the test interpretation remains controversial in the context of endemic regions such as Bangladesh, as agglutination occurs at varied titrations among a large percentage of healthy population. Paired Widal tests are often not feasible; hence single unpaired test has to be used for screening, diagnosis and trea Read More

Background: Determination of the drug-resistant mutations has a crucial role in the management of HIV-1 infected patients. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate drug resistance profile of Reverse transcriptase and Proteasegenes, and to find the correlation between drug resistance mutations and ART regimen to intensify physicians' options for the most effective therapy which could also influence the esta Read More

Pseudomonas aeruginosaisa commonly known as nosocomial infection agent but rarely previously healthy people are infected by P. aeruginosa. Here we report Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in a 27 year old male athlete. 15 published P. aeruginosa CAP case reports were reviewed. 53.3% of patients were female and 46.67% were male. The mean age was 44 years old (SD: ±13.54). In 8 reports it is mentioned that th Read More