Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Recent Patents on Engineering
  4. Volume 19, Issue 3
  5. Article
Volume 19, Issue 3
  • ISSN: 1872-2121
  • E-ISSN: 2212-4047

Abstract

Active sonar detects targets by transmitting acoustic signals and processing the echo, which is becoming the primary way of anti-submarine detection. From a large number of articles and patents, it can be seen that the design and processing of active sonar signals for high-range-velocity resolution has long been a problem of great interest. As a standard tool of waveform design, the ambiguity function (AF) based on a matched filter (MF) is always used to characterize the range-velocity resolution. In recent decades, a large number of scholars have studied various high-resolution waveforms with reverberation suppression performance and their improved versions. Although theoretically and technically, there is no ideal waveform that can be applied to all scenarios, we can select or design relatively optimal transmitted waveforms according to diverse tasks and purposes, performance indicators, and operating environments. In this patent paper, the high-resolution and anti-reverberation waveforms proposed in recent years are reviewed. Their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated comprehensively from the aspects of resolution, anti-reverberation, and detection performance, which provides guidance for waveform design and application. Compared with Comb spectrum (CS) and thumbtack signals, frequency modulation (FM) combination signal has a very broad development potential due to breaking away from the limitation of traditional MF processing.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/eng/10.2174/1872212118666230830125221
2023-10-06
2024-12-25

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/eng/10.2174/1872212118666230830125221
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. WaiteA.D. Sonar of practising engineers.EnglandJohn Wiley & Sons2002
     [Google Scholar]
  2. GuoR. CaiZ. YaoZ. The status and current of the hybrid waveforms design technology for active SONAR.Shengxue Jishu201534235238
     [Google Scholar]
  3. XuY. Research on strong reverberation suppression for high resolution active sonar.Chin. J. Acoust.201635371383
     [Google Scholar]
  4. LeeS. LimJ. Reverberation suppression using non-negative matrix factorization to detect low-Doppler target with continuous wave active sonar.EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.201911118
     [Google Scholar]
  5. BluntS.D. MokoleE.L. Overview of radar waveform diversity.IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.2016311124210.1109/MAES.2016.160071
     [Google Scholar]
  6. PattonL.K. FrostS.W. RiglingB.D. Efficient design of radar waveforms for optimised detection in coloured noise.IET Radar Sonar & Navigation201261212910.1049/iet‑rsn.2011.0071
     [Google Scholar]
  7. R. A. Katz, and A. H. Nuttal, "System and method for active sonar signal detection and classification",U. S. Patent 10,263,299, September 30 2002
     [Google Scholar]
  8. PattonL.K. RiglingB.D. Autocorrelation constraints in radar waveform optimization for detection.IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.201248295196810.1109/TAES.2012.6178041
     [Google Scholar]
  9. DoisyY. DeruazL. van IJsselmuideS.P. BeerensS.P. BeenR. Reverberation suppression using wideband doppler-sensitive pulses.IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.200833441943310.1109/JOE.2008.2002582
     [Google Scholar]
  10. NoemmM. HoeherP.A. CutFM sonar signal design.Appl. Acoust.2015909511010.1016/j.apacoust.2014.10.011
     [Google Scholar]
  11. CoxH. LaiH. "Geometric comb waveforms for reverberation suppression", Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers1994 31 October 1994 - 02 November 1994, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, pp. 1185-1189Pacific Grove, USA
     [Google Scholar]
  12. WangY. HeY. WangJ. ShiZ. Comb waveform optimisation with low peak‐to‐average power ratio via alternating projection.IET Radar Sonar & Navigation20181291012102010.1049/iet‑rsn.2018.0039
     [Google Scholar]
  13. NewmanD.J. An L 1 Extremal Problem for Polynomials.Proc. Am. Math. Soc.19651612871290
     [Google Scholar]
  14. GuanC. ZhouZ. ZengX. A phase-coded sequence design method for active sonar.Sensors20202017465910.3390/s20174659 32824923
     [Google Scholar]
  15. NarahashiS. NojimaT. A new phasing scheme for multitone signal systems to reduce peak-to-average power ratio.Electron. Commun. Jpn. Part Commun.1997801899910.1002/(SICI)1520‑6424(199701)80:1<89:AID‑ECJA9>3.0.CO;2‑6
     [Google Scholar]
  16. PanP. LiuH. ZhangY. QiW. DengZ. Range, radial velocity, and acceleration MLE using frequency modulation coded LFM pulse train.Digit. Signal Process.20176025226110.1016/j.dsp.2016.09.009
     [Google Scholar]
  17. KunduN.K. MallikR.K. McKayM.R. Signal design for frequency-phase keying.IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.20201964067407910.1109/TWC.2020.2979718
     [Google Scholar]
  18. NeubergerN. VehmasR. A costas-based waveform for local range-doppler sidelobe level reduction.IEEE Signal Process. Lett.20212867367710.1109/LSP.2021.3067219
     [Google Scholar]
  19. CostasJ.P. A study of a class of detection waveforms having nearly ideal range-Doppler ambiguity properties.Proc. IEEE1984728996100910.1109/PROC.1984.12967
     [Google Scholar]
  20. LevanonN. MozesonE. Radar Signals.HobokenJohn Wiley & Sons200410.1002/0471663085
     [Google Scholar]
  21. JiangJ. DuanF. LiY. YuanJ. Underwater hidden sonar signal waveform construction method by utilizing sound emitted by sperm whaleChina Patent CN 2,015,104,722,783, August 42015
     [Google Scholar]
  22. HagueD.A. BuckJ.R. An experimental evaluation of the generalized sinusoidal frequency modulated waveform for active sonar systems.J. Acoust. Soc. Am.201914563741375510.1121/1.5113581 31255136
     [Google Scholar]
  23. VespeM. JonesG. BakerC.J. Lessons for Radar.IEEE Signal Process. Mag.2009261657510.1109/MSP.2008.930412
     [Google Scholar]
  24. JiangJ. DuanF. LiY. YuanJ. Underwater hidden sonar signal waveform construction method by utilizing sound emitted by sperm whaleC.N. Patent 20151047227832015
     [Google Scholar]
  25. SugaN. SchlegelP. Coding and processing in the auditory systems of FM-signal-producing bats.J. Acoust. Soc. Am.197354117419010.1121/1.1913561 4731643
     [Google Scholar]
  26. RasoolS.B. BellM.R. "Increasing delay-doppler resolution using chirp diversity and nonlinear processing",26-30 May 2008, Rome, Italy10.1109/RADAR.2008.4720733
     [Google Scholar]
  27. RasoolS.B. BellM.R. Biologically inspired processing of radar waveforms for enhanced delay-doppler resolution.IEEE Trans. Signal Process.20115962698270910.1109/TSP.2011.2121904
     [Google Scholar]
  28. ZhuJ. FanC. HanS. HuangX. Double V-chirp waveform scheme for false targets suppression in nonlinear processing of delay-doppler maps 08-11 August 2016, Shanghai, pp. 1894-1899.201618941899
     [Google Scholar]
  29. ZhuJ. SongY. FanC. HuangX. Nonlinear processing for enhanced delay-Doppler resolution of multiple targets based on an improved radar waveform.Signal Processing201713035536410.1016/j.sigpro.2016.07.025
     [Google Scholar]
  30. SongXiufeng WillettP. ZhouShengli Range bias modeling for hyperbolic-frequency-modulated waveforms in target tracking.IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.201237467067910.1109/JOE.2012.2206682
     [Google Scholar]
  31. YangJ. SarkarT.K. Doppler-invariant property of hyperbolic frequency modulated waveforms.Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.20064861174117910.1002/mop.21573
     [Google Scholar]
  32. MurrayJ.J. On the doppler bias of hyperbolic frequency modulation matched filter time of arrival estimates.IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.201944244645010.1109/JOE.2018.2819779
     [Google Scholar]
  33. GuoR. Study on transmitting waveform design and procession methods for active sonar.WuhanNaval University of Engineering2013
     [Google Scholar]
  34. LouL. WangP. A high resolution waveform design based on hyperbolic frequency modulation combination.Ship Electron. Eng.202040154158
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/eng/10.2174/1872212118666230830125221
Loading
Active Sonar Waveform Design for High-range-velocity Resolution: A Review
Recent Pat Eng 19, E300823220508 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/1872212118666230830125221
/content/journals/eng/10.2174/1872212118666230830125221
/content/journals/eng/10.2174/1872212118666230830125221
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): Active sonar; ambiguity function; anti-reverberation; detection; range-velocity resolution; waveform design

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test