Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders) - Volume 20, Issue 2, 2020

Background and Objective: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a group of more than 350 disorders affecting distinct components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this review, the classic and advanced stepwise approach towards the diagnosis of PIDs are simplified and explained in detail. Results: Susceptibility to recurrent infections is the main hallmark of almost all PIDs. However, noninfectious complic Read More

Background: Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent extensively used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. It improves hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in muscles. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and shows a beneficial effect on weight control. Besides its metabolic positive effects, Metformin has direct effects on inflammation and can have immunomod Read More

Background and Objectives: Regarding the development of diagnostic tests based on saliva and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the aim of this study is to review Persian Medicine manuscripts in the field of saliva manifestations, its relation to metabolic syndrome, and treatment recommendations. Methods: This study is a mini-review. We investigated the canon of medicine and some important Persian medical or Read More

Background: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the world is 10-15%, and it is currently the most common chronic disease among children. There is no comprehensive statistics about the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among Iranian children, therefore, this systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among the Iranian children. Methods: The present study was conducted ba Read More

Background and Aim: Recent data have shown that olfactory dysfunction is strongly related to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) that is often preceded by olfactory deficits suggesting that olfactory dysfunction might represent an early indicator of future cognitive in prediabetes. Methods: We have applied to a group of normal (n=15), prediabetic (n=16) and type 2 diabetic outpatients (n=15) olfactory testing, 1.5-T MRI scanner and Read More

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition which results in neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early prediction of HIE especially in the first six hours of birth leads to early treatment with better prognosis. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and erythropoietin between normal neonates and those with HIE for the possible use of these markers for assess Read More

Objective: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired immuno-mediated disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia with an increased risk of bleeding. In recent years 1,25[OH]2D3 has been rediscovered as an immune modulator. We decided to evaluate serum Vitamin D levels in a cohort of children with immune thrombocytopenia in order to discover if Vitamin D concentrations may predict ITP duration. Methods: Thirty ch Read More

Background: Dyslipidemia is recognized as an important factor in the incidence of Preterm Birth (PTB). The early diagnosis of factors affecting PTB is important in the reduction of maternalneonatal complications; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between dyslipidemia and PTB in women from the Guilan province of Iran. Methods: The current investigation was a prospective cohort study on 378 pregnant women in Read More

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) with leptin, Triidothyronine (T3), and Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) in obese women with low and normal Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) and to determine the role of these factors in the regulation of REE in obese women. Method: A total 49 subjects (25-50 years old) were selected. Anthropometric and body compositi Read More

Background: Obesity is a global epidemic which is associated with several cardiometabolic comorbidities and is characterized by chronic, low grade systemic inflammation. Numerous biomarkers have been implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease, including transcription factors and coregulators. Steroid Receptor Coactivator (SRC)-family represent the master regulators of metabolic pathways and their dysregulation i Read More

Background: CYP2C19 a metabolizing enzyme and Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) are induced in stress conditions, such as hypoxia and ischemia. Recently, polymorphism in the CYP2C19 and HSP genes has been established in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD). Objective: We investigated the polymorphism of these two genes in Kurdish patients with AERD. Methods: This study involved 306 subjects, referred to Read More

Background: The knowledge of the pathophysiology of Lysosomal Storage Disorders has gradually increased, but information on their incidence is still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status and use of resources of these disorders in Spain from 1997 to 2015. Methods: Records from 4,999 patients diagnosed with a Lysosomal Storage Disorder were extracted from a Spanish database containing data fro Read More

Background: Numerous investigations demonstrate efflux as a worldwide bacterial mode of action which contributes to the resistance of drugs. The activity of antibiotics, which subjects to efflux, can be improved by the combined usage of efflux inhibitors. However, the efflux role to the overall levels of antibiotic resistance of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates is inadequately comprehended and is still disregarded by many. Methods: Read More

Background: Thyroid gland is a probable goal tissue for radiation-related injury. Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation leads to thyroid dysfunction and exposure to high dose may lead to thyroid carcinoma. Objective: Evaluation of the role of Thyroid peroxidase antibody as a predictor for thyroid dysfunction among nurses and technicians in the radiology department in Mansoura Specialized Medical hospital (M Read More

Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an infrequent thyroid malignancy rarely observed and managed during pregnancy. An accurate diagnostic workup is extremely important in this clinical setting to correctly diagnose and treat the disease, avoiding both maternal and fetal complications. Objective: We report our experience in managing an MTC incidentally diagnosed during pregnancy in a 28-year female, hi Read More