Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders) - Volume 13, Issue 3, 2013

There is an increasing focus on diet as a tool to maintain human health and prevent disease. Milk and milk products of ruminants are important source of fat and saturated fatty acids, which are not considered to be very favourable to human health, but are valuable sources of nutrients including bioactive fatty acids (FA), vitamins, and minerals, which can promote positive health effects. The nutritional characteristics of Read More

The obese Zucker rat (fa/fa) (ObZ) is a good animal model for Metabolic Syndrome (MS)-associated neuroendocrine and inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of noradrenaline (NA) on the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα by macrophages from ObZ, as well as the effect of habitual exercise (running, 5days/week for 35 min at 35cm/s for 14week); all of them using lean Zucker rats Read More

The present study evaluated the effect of nutritional imbalances during pregnancy, either by excess or deficiency, on fertility and conceptus development in obese-genotype swine (Iberian pig). Twenty-five multiparous sows were fed, from mating to farrowing, with a standard diet fulfilling either 1.6 folds their daily maintenance requirements for pregnancy (overfed group, n = 12) or only the 50% of such requirements (und Read More

In this review, we analyzed the role played by central and peripheral chemoreceptors (CHRs) in vasopressin (AVP) secretion control. Central neural pathways subserving osmotic and non-osmotic control of AVP secretion are strictly correlated to brain areas participating in chemoreception mechanisms. Among the different brain areas involved in central chemoreception, the most important site has been localized in the retr Read More

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has been linked to cognitive decrement faster than usual. Medical management of diabetes can also interfere with the cognitive skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vildagliptin on cognition, as an add-on to metformin therapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective and observational investigation conducted in 10 el Read More

Introduction: It has been approved that vitamin D deficiency has a role in increasing the rate of cardio-vascular diseases in diabetic patients with unknown mechanism. The effects of vitamin D on hemostasis and its inflammatory mechanisms have been proposed as possible causes of cardio-vascular diseases in these patients. Also, high level of plasminogen activator inhibitor- type 1 (PAI-1) has been identified as a risk factor f Read More

Diabetes is now one of the most common un-communicable diseases worldwide. Few studies have dealt specifically with the potential therapeutic effect of TNF-α suppressor to decrease oxidative stress markers in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic and toxic effect of the direct injection of the anti-TNF-α on oxidative stress mediators, proinflammatory cytokines and vascul Read More

The clinical occurrence of ectopic thyroid gland is an infrequently encountered condition, resulting from a developmental abnormality during the migration of the thyroid anlage from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final position in the neck. It can be found along the way of thyroid descent, in the midline, or laterally in the neck or even in the mediastinum or under the diaphragm. This condition is often asymptomati Read More