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  4. Volume 24, Issue 14
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Volume 24, Issue 14
  • ISSN: 1871-5303
  • E-ISSN: 2212-3873

Abstract

Thymus plays a crucial role in cellular immunity by acting as a warehouse for proliferating and differentiating lymphocytes. Thymic stromal cells educate T-cells to differentiate self from non-self antigens while nurse cells and thymoproteasome play a major role in the maturation and differentiation of T-cells. The thymic conditions dictate T-cells to cope with the risk of cancer development. A study was designed to demonstrate potential mechanisms behind the failure to eliminate tumors and impaired immune surveillance as well as the impact of delay in thymus regression on cancer and autoimmune disorders. Scientific literature from Pubmed; Scopus; WOS; JSTOR; National Library of Medicine Bethesda, Maryland; The New York Academy of Medicine; Library of Speech Rehabilitation, NY; St. Thomas’ Hospital Library; The Wills Library of Guys Hospital; Repository of Kings College London; and Oxford Academic repository was explored for pathological, physiological, immunological and toxicological studies of thymus. Studies have shown that systemic chemotherapy may lead to micro inflammatory environment within thymus where conventionally and dynamically metastasized dormant cells seek refuge. The malfunctioning of the thymus and defective T and Treg cells, bypassing negative selection, contributes to autoimmune disorders, while AIRE and Fezf2 play significant roles in thymic epithelial cell solidity. Different vitamins, TCM, and live cell therapy are effective therapeutics. Vitamin A, C, D, and E, selenium and zinc, cinobufagin and dietary polysaccharides, and glandular extracts and live cell injections have strong potential to restore immune system function and thymus health. Moreover, the relationship between different ages/stages of thymus and their corresponding T-cell mediated anti-tumor immune response needs further exploration.

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/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303283164240126104109
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Thymus as Incontrovertible Target of Future Immune Modulatory Therapeutics
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 24, 1587 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303283164240126104109
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303283164240126104109
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303283164240126104109
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  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): AIRE; Fezf2-dependent self-antigen; horror autotoxicus; leucine-rich repeat-based receptors; lymphopoietic; MAFA; Thymic epithelial cells; thymoma; tyramide signal amplification; variable lymphocyte receptor

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