Skip to content
2000
Volume 24, Issue 14
  • ISSN: 1871-5303
  • E-ISSN: 2212-3873

Abstract

Background

In complementary and alternative medicinal systems, the Arsenicum album in ultra-high dilution was used in various therapeutic conditions, considering its effects on the body’s immune system, including the COVID-19 pandemic. However, scientific evidence regarding its immunomodulatory effects is insufficient.

Objectives

The current study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Arsenicum album in an experimental mouse model.

Materials and Methods

Immunomodulatory activity of potentized dilutions of Arsenicum album ., 6C, 30C, 200C in BALB/c mice was evaluated by humoral antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity assays wherein a fixed concentration (0.5 ml of 1× 109 cells/ml) of freshly prepared sheep RBC was administered as a foreign antigen to generate primary and secondary antibodies.

Results

Arsenicum album showed significant immunomodulatory activity by increasing primary antibody titer evaluated on day 21 of the treatment in all the dilutions as compared to SRBC and vehicle control group in humoral immune response assay without showing any effect on delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Conclusion

The results of this preliminary study indicate that oral administration of Arsenicum album has the potential to augment primary humoral response at all dilutions. Hence, the possibility of using the Arsenicum album could be explored to treat immunological conditions, infections, ., as an alternative therapy alongwith modern medicines.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303273277231125150713
2024-01-08
2025-01-10
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. AbbasA.K. LichtmanA.H. Basic Immunology: Functionsand Disorders of the Immune System.PhiladelphiaW. B. Saunders Company2001
    [Google Scholar]
  2. JantanI. AhmadW. BukhariS.N.A. Plant-derived immunomodulators: An insight on their preclinical evaluation and clinical trials.Front. Plant Sci.2015665510.3389/fpls.2015.0065526379683
    [Google Scholar]
  3. SrikumarR. ParthasarathyN.J. ManikandanS. NarayananG.S. SheeladeviR. Effect of Triphala on oxidative stress and on cell-mediated immune response against noise stress in rats.Mol. Cell. Biochem.20062831-2677410.1007/s11010‑006‑2271‑016444587
    [Google Scholar]
  4. HjelvikM. MørenskogE. Homøopatiens prinsipper.Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen.19971171724972501(The principles of homeopathy).9265314
    [Google Scholar]
  5. SchmidtJ.M. SamuelH. Samuel Hahnemann and the principle of similars.Med. Ges. Gesch.20102915118421796902
    [Google Scholar]
  6. SchmidtJ.M. Similia similibus curentur: Theory, history, and status of the constitutive principle of homeopathy.Homeopathy2021110321222110.1055/s‑0041‑172506134000742
    [Google Scholar]
  7. GuptaV.K. MathurM. Immunomodulatory effects of homoeopathic medicines: A review of pre-clinical studies.Indian J. Res. Homoeopa.2018122909410.4103/ijrh.ijrh_26_18
    [Google Scholar]
  8. ChaudharyA. KhuranaA. A review on the role of Homoeopathy in epidemics with some reflections on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).Indian J. Res. Homoeopa.202014210010910.4103/ijrh.ijrh_34_20
    [Google Scholar]
  9. JethaniB. GuptaM. WadhwaniP. ThomasR. BalakrishnanT. MathewG. MathurM. RaoB.P. ShuklaD. KhullarA. KheraM. SharmaH. KumarR. KumarS. JaggiS. SinhaR. RawalK. KapoorA. ManchandaR.K. Clinical characteristics and remedy profiles of patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.Homeopathy2021110208609310.1055/s‑0040‑171858433567460
    [Google Scholar]
  10. NayakD. NaharK. BhaleraoR. KaurL. ParveenT. BhallaR. MichaelJ. SharmaS. SinghP. JainabA. RamH. ChaudhuriA. ParvinU. JainN. KhuranaA. Effectiveness of arsenicum album 30C in Prevention of COVID-19 in individuals residing in containment zones of delhi-A prospective, community-based, parallel cohort study.Homeopathy2022111426127010.1055/s‑0042‑174575535768003
    [Google Scholar]
  11. ChaudharyA. NayakD. PandeyS. R, R.; Khurana, A.; Study Group, C. Homoeopathic medicine arsenicum album 30 C for Covid-19 in 2020: A retrospective analysis from mass-level data.Altern. Ther. Health Med.2022287727936074959
    [Google Scholar]
  12. BhattacharjeeB. RojaV. KhuranaA. Homoeopathic medicine arsenicum album, the prophylactic/immune booster in COVID-19 pandemic.Indian J. Res. Homoeopa.202115320420910.53945/2320‑7094.1028
    [Google Scholar]
  13. BellaviteP. SignoriniA. MarzottoM. MorattiE. BonafiniC. OliosoD. Cell sensitivity, non-linearity and inverse effects.Homeopathy2015104213916010.1016/j.homp.2015.02.00225869978
    [Google Scholar]
  14. DasD. DeA. DuttaS. BiswasR. BoujedainiN. Khuda-BukhshA.R. Potentized homeopathic drug Arsenicum Album 30C positively modulates protein biomarkers and gene expressions in Saccharomyces cerevisae exposed to arsenate.J. Chin. Integr. Med.20119775276010.3736/jcim2011070921749826
    [Google Scholar]
  15. DanglebenN.L. SkibolaC.F. SmithM.T. Arsenic immunotoxicity A review..Environ. Health20131217310.1186/1476‑069X‑12‑7324004508
    [Google Scholar]
  16. BanerjeeS. MitraT. PurohitG.K. MohantyS. MohantyB.P. Immunomodulatory effect of arsenic on cytokine and HSP gene expression in Labeo rohita fingerlings.Fish Shellfish Immunol.2015441434910.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.02925652292
    [Google Scholar]
  17. MallickP. Chakrabarti MallickJ. GuhaB. Khuda-BukhshA.R. Ameliorating effect of microdoses of a potentized homeopathic drug, Arsenicum Album, on arsenic-induced toxicity in mice.BMC Complement. Altern. Med.200331710.1186/1472‑6882‑3‑714570596
    [Google Scholar]
  18. BanerjeeP. BhattacharyyaS.S. PathakS. NaoualB. BelonP. Khuda-BukhshA.R. Comparative efficacy of two microdoses of a potentized homeopathic drug, arsenicum album, to ameliorate toxicity induced by repeated sublethal injections of arsenic trioxide in mice.Pathobiology200875315617010.1159/00012497618550913
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Khuda-BukhshA.R. BanerjeeA. BiswasS.J. KarmakarS.R. BanerjeeP. PathakS. GuhaB. HaqueS. DasD. DeA. DasD. BoujedainiN. An initial report on the efficacy of a millesimal potency Arsenicum Album LM 0/3 in ameliorating arsenic toxicity in humans living in a high-risk arsenic village.J. Chin. Integr. Med.20119659660410.3736/jcim2011060421669162
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Homoeopathic Pharmacoepia of India Homoeopathic Pharmacoepia of India. Combined volume I-V (Revised & Augmented);Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy: New Delhi,2016104105
    [Google Scholar]
  21. SinghS. KarwasraR. KalraP. NayakD. KhuranaA. ManchandaR. Attenuation of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis by different dilutions of Eupatorium perfoliatum and Crotalus horridus and their safety evaluation.Indian J. Res. Homoeopa.201913210710.4103/ijrh.ijrh_23_19
    [Google Scholar]
  22. JanhaviP. DivyashreeS. SanjailalK.P. MuthukumarS.P. DoseCal: A virtual calculator for dosage conversion between human and different animal species.Arch. Physiol. Biochem.2022128242643010.1080/13813455.2019.168752331746232
    [Google Scholar]
  23. SaravananS. Prakash BabuN. PandikumarP. Karunai RajM. Gabriel PaulrajM. IgnacimuthuS. Immunomodulatory potential of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal, a traditional medicinal plant.J. Ethnopharmacol.2012140223924610.1016/j.jep.2012.01.01022285523
    [Google Scholar]
  24. BergströmJ.J.E. HeymanB. Mice immunized with IgG anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) together With SRBC have a suppressed Anti-SRBC antibody response but generate germinal centers and anti-IgG antibodies in response to the passively administered IgG.Front. Immunol.2017891110.3389/fimmu.2017.0091128824636
    [Google Scholar]
  25. SahuM. MaliP. WaikarS. RangariV. Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic extract of Roscoea procera rhizomes in mice.J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci.20102434634910.4103/0975‑7406.7213821180470
    [Google Scholar]
  26. PuriA. SaxenaR. SaxenaR.P. SaxenaK.C. SrivastavaV. TandonJ.S. Immunostimulant activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.J. Ethnopharmacol.1994421313710.1016/0378‑8741(94)90020‑58046941
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Bin-HafeezB. HaqueR. ParvezS. PandeyS. SayeedI. RaisuddinS. Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice.Int. Immunopharmacol.20033225726510.1016/S1567‑5769(02)00292‑812586606
    [Google Scholar]
  28. DryndaA. Obmińska-MrukowiczB. ZaczyńskaE. ZimeckiM. RyngS. MączyńskiM. Immunoregulatory effects of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(5-amino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl)-thiosemicarbazide (06K) in non-immunized and SRBC-immunized mice.J. Pharm. Pharmacol.201668121613162010.1111/jphp.1263127781279
    [Google Scholar]
  29. JantanI. HaqueM.A. IlangkovanM. ArshadL. Zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet inhibits innate and adaptive immune responses in Balb/C mice.Int. Immunopharmacol.20197355255910.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.03531177081
    [Google Scholar]
  30. SpellbergB. EdwardsJ.E. Jr Type 1/Type 2 immunity in infectious diseases.Clin. Infect. Dis.20013217610210.1086/31753711118387
    [Google Scholar]
  31. PrendergastG.C. JaffeeE.M. Cancer immunologists and cancer biologists: Why we didn’t talk then but need to now.Cancer Res.20076783500350410.1158/0008‑5472.CAN‑06‑462617413003
    [Google Scholar]
  32. BanerjeeP. BiswasS.J. BelonP. Khuda-BukhshA.R. A potentized homeopathic drug, Arsenicum Album 200, can ameliorate genotoxicity induced by repeated injections of arsenic trioxide in mice.J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med.200754737037610.1111/j.1439‑0442.2007.00945.x17718811
    [Google Scholar]
  33. PaumierA. VerreJ. TriboloS. BoujedainiN. Anti-oxidant Effect of High Dilutions of Arnica montana, Arsenicum Album, and Lachesis Mutus in Microglial Cells in vitro.Dose Response202220210.1177/1559325822110369835795190
    [Google Scholar]
  34. IveE.C. CouchmanI.M.S. ReddyL. Therapeutic effect of Arsenicum album on leukocytes.Int. J. Mol. Sci.20121333979398710.3390/ijms1303397922489193
    [Google Scholar]
  35. LalR. SharmaM. BeheraS. RegarR.K. TripathiD. KumarG.V.N. SinghS. VermaD. GuptaP. KaushikS. KhuranaA. Safety evaluation of arsenicum album in acute and sub-acute toxicity studies in rats.Toxicol. Int.202330223324710.18311/ti/2023/v30i2/32299
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303273277231125150713
Loading
/content/journals/emiddt/10.2174/0118715303273277231125150713
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test