Recent Techniques Used in Reproductive Medicine: Outcomes for Gametes Manipulation

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) have significantly improved the chances of pregnancy. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) remains the most widely used ART procedure, which involves a series of steps like ovarian hyperstimulation followed by vaginal oocyte retrieval and in vitro fertilization of the oocytes with sperm, the culture of the embryos, and the final transfer of the embryo to the recipient or surrogate recipient. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), another form of ART, is developed to circumvent the problems encountered in IVF. However, the studies have indicated that only about one-third of ART cycles result in live births. This review is designed to provide a comprehensive idea about advances in reproductive medicine in terms of the preparation of gametes and implantation.