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- Volume 22, Issue 9, 2022
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - Volume 22, Issue 9, 2022
Volume 22, Issue 9, 2022
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Electrochemical Cell-based Biosensors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Dua Özsoylu, Torsten Wagner and Michael J. SchöningElectrochemical cell-based biosensors have attracted increasing interest within the last 15 years, with a large number of reports generally dealing with the sensors’ sensitivity, selectivity, stability, signal-to-noise ratio, spatiotemporal resolution, etc. However, only a few of them are now available as commercial products. In this review, technological advances, current challenges, and opportunities of electrochemical cell-based biosensors are presented. The article encompasses emerging studies on cell-based biological field-effect devices, cell-based impedimetric sensors, and cell-based microelectrode arrays, mainly focusing on the last five years (from 2016 to mid-2021). In addition, special attention lies in recent progress at the single-cellular level, including intracellular monitoring with high spatiotemporal resolution as well as integration into microfluidics for lab-ona- chip applications. Moreover, a comprehensive discussion on challenges and future perspectives will address the future potential of electrochemical cell-based biosensors.
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Effects of Flavonoids in Experimental Models of Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Noemi M. Atucha, Paola Romecín, Felix Vargas and Joaquin García-EstañFlavonoids are a class of substances of a vegetal origin with many interesting actions from the point of view of human disease. Interest in flavonoids in the diet has increased in recent years due to the publication of basic, clinical and epidemiological studies that have shown a whole array of salutary effects related to intake of flavonols and flavones as well as a lower morbility and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Since arterial hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, this review will focus mainly on the effects of flavonoids on the cardiovascular system with relation to the elevation of blood pressure. Its antihypertensive effects as well as the many investigations performed in experimental models of arterial hypertension, are reviewed in this mini-review.
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The Role of Flavonoids in Inhibiting IL-6 and Inflammatory Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial joints. RA has well-known clinical manifestations and can cause progressive disability and premature death along with socioeconomic burdens. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathology of RA where it can stimulate pannus formation, osteoclastogenesis, and oxidative stress. Flavonoids are plant metabolites with beneficial pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, etc. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in a variety of plants, vegetables, and fruits. Many flavonoids have demonstrated anti-arthritic activity mediated mainly through the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review thoroughly discusses the accumulated data on the role of flavonoids on IL-6 in RA.
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Flavonoids: The Innocuous Agents Offering Protection against Alzheimer’s Disease Through Modulation of Proinflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways
Authors: Moumita Biswas, Aritrajoy Das and Soumalee BasuBackground: Beginning from mild cognitive impairment in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia sets in with the progress of the disease. The pathological changes in the brain begin fifteen to twenty years before AD related dementia develops. Presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are considered the hallmarks of AD brain. Chronic inflammation resulting from the disruption of the equilibrium between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory signalling emerges as another important feature of AD and also other neurodegenerative diseases. Substantial studies demonstrate that this sustained immune response in the brain is associated with neuronal loss, along with facilitation and aggravation of Aβ and NFT pathologies. Although it is well accepted that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have both detrimental and beneficial influences on the brain tissues, the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in the onset and progress of the neurodegenerative process in AD is becoming increasingly recognized. Although the cause of neuronal loss is known to be apoptosis, the mechanism of promotion of neuronal death remains undisclosed. Objective: Controlling the activation of the resident immune cells and/or the excessive production of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant factors could be effective as therapeutics. Among the phytonutrients, the neuroprotective role of flavonoids is beyond doubt. This review is an exploration of the literature on the role of flavonoids in these aspects. Conclusion: Flavonoids are not only effective in ameliorating the adverse consequences of oxidative stress but also impede the development of late onset Alzheimer’s disease by modulating affected signalling pathways and boosting signalling crosstalk.
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Flavonoids as Sirtuin Modulators
Authors: Fatma Sezer Şenol Deniz, Gökçen Eren and Ilkay E. OrhanSirtuins (SIRTs) are described as NAD+-dependent deacetylases, also known as class III histone deacetylases. So far, seven sirtuin genes (SIRTS 1-7) have been identified and characterized in mammals and are also known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes. SIRTs are involved in various biological processes, including endocrine system, apoptosis, aging and longevity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, inflammation, etc. Among them, the best-characterized one is SIRT1. Small molecules seem to be the most effective SIRT modulators. Flavonoids have been reported to possess many positive effects favorable for human health, while relatively less research has been reported so far on their functions as SIRT modulation mechanisms. In this regard, we aimed to focus on the modulatory effects of flavonoids on SIRTs as the most common secondary metabolites in natural products. Our literature survey covering the years from 2006 to 2021 pointed out that flavonoids frequently interact with SIRT1 and SIRT3, followed by SIRT6. It can also be concluded that some popular flavonoid derivatives, eg., resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin derivatives, came forward in terms of SIRT modulation.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 24 (2024)
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Volume 23 (2023)
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Volume 22 (2022)
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Volume 21 (2021)
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Volume 20 (2020)
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Volume 19 (2019)
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Volume 18 (2018)
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Volume 17 (2017)
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Volume 16 (2016)
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Volume 15 (2015)
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Volume 14 (2014)
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Volume 13 (2013)
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Volume 12 (2012)
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Volume 11 (2011)
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Volume 10 (2010)
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Volume 9 (2009)
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Volume 8 (2008)
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Volume 7 (2007)
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Volume 6 (2006)
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Volume 5 (2005)
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Volume 4 (2004)
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Volume 3 (2003)
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Volume 2 (2002)
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Volume 1 (2001)