Flavonoids as Sirtuin Modulators

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are described as NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases, also known as class III histone deacetylases. So far, seven sirtuin genes (SIRTS 1-7) have been identified and characterized in mammals and are also known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes. SIRTs are involved in various biological processes, including endocrine system, apoptosis, aging and longevity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, inflammation, etc. Among them, the best-characterized one is SIRT1. Small molecules seem to be the most effective SIRT modulators. Flavonoids have been reported to possess many positive effects favorable for human health, while relatively less research has been reported so far on their functions as SIRT modulation mechanisms. In this regard, we aimed to focus on the modulatory effects of flavonoids on SIRTs as the most common secondary metabolites in natural products. Our literature survey covering the years from 2006 to 2021 pointed out that flavonoids frequently interact with SIRT1 and SIRT3, followed by SIRT6. It can also be concluded that some popular flavonoid derivatives, eg., resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin derivatives, came forward in terms of SIRT modulation.