Skip to content
2000
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews
  4. Volume 21, Issue 1
  5. Article
Volume 21, Issue 1
  • ISSN: 1573-398X
  • E-ISSN: 1875-6387

Abstract

COVID-19, previously considered a mere respiratory illness affecting predominantly the adult age, is today acknowledged as the cause of a wide spectrum of multisystemic signs and symptoms, ranging from mild to severe degrees, including neurological manifestations. Even if less frequently than adults, pediatric patients may also develop severe COVID-19 and present with peculiar clinical pictures, including multi-system inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Mounting evidence is available on the potential pathogenic mechanisms underpinning the nervous system involvement and on the Post-COVID19 sequelae. However, little is known about EEG changes that may come along with them, particularly in the pediatric age. Herein, we briefly overview the neuropsychiatric COVID-19-related features in pediatric patients and the reported potential EEG correlates. Further research may help unravel new insights and provide new biomarkers regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options for post- COVID-19 neuro-cognitive disorders.

© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X289180240329083706
2024-04-04
2025-02-17

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X289180240329083706
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. SharmaA. TiwariS. DebM.K. MartyJ.L. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A global pandemic and treatment strategies.Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents202056210605410.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.10605432534188
     [Google Scholar]
  2. MantiS. LicariA. MontagnaL. VottoM. LeonardiS. BrambillaI. CastagnoliR. FoiadelliT. MarsegliaG.L. CardinaleF. CaffarelliC. ToscaM.A. CravidiC. DuseM. ChiappiniE. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric population.Acta Biomed.20209111-Se202000310.23750/abm.v91i11‑S.1029833004773
     [Google Scholar]
  3. WHOClinical management of COVID-19: Interim guidance.GenevaWorld Health Organization2020
     [Google Scholar]
  4. NepalG. ShresthaG.S. RehrigJ.H. GajurelB.P. OjhaR. AgrawalA. PanthiS. KhatriB. AdhikariI. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 associated multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J. Nepal Health Res. Counc.2021191101810.33314/jnhrc.v19i1.341033934126
     [Google Scholar]
  5. DaviesN.G. KlepacP. LiuY. PremK. JitM. PearsonC.A.B. QuiltyB.J. KucharskiA.J. GibbsH. CliffordS. GimmaA. van ZandvoortK. MundayJ.D. DiamondC. EdmundsW.J. HoubenR.M.G.J. HellewellJ. RussellT.W. AbbottS. FunkS. BosseN.I. SunY.F. FlascheS. RoselloA. JarvisC.I. EggoR.M. Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics.Nat. Med.20202681205121110.1038/s41591‑020‑0962‑932546824
     [Google Scholar]
  6. EspositoS. CaramelliF. PrincipiN. What are the risk factors for admission to the pediatric intensive unit among pediatric patients with COVID-19?Ital. J. Pediatr.202147110310.1186/s13052‑021‑01057‑w33941228
     [Google Scholar]
  7. ChiappiniE LicariA MotisiMA MantiS MarsegliaGL GalliL LionettiP Gastrointestinal involvement in children with SARS-COV-2 infection: An overview for the pediatrician.Pediatr Allergy Immunol.202031S26929510.1111/pai.13373
     [Google Scholar]
  8. BovaS.M. SerafiniL. CapettiP. DallapiccolaA.R. DonedaC. GaddaA. LonoceL. VittoriniA. MannarinoS. VeggiottiP. Neurological involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: Clinical, electroencephalographic and magnetic resonance imaging peculiarities and therapeutic implications. an italian single-center experience.Front Pediatr.20221093220810.3389/fped.2022.93220836034550
     [Google Scholar]
  9. MannanA.O. EyreM. LöbelU. BamfordA. EltzeC. HameedB. HemingwayC. HacohenY. Neurologic and radiographic findings associated with COVID-19 infection in children.JAMA Neurol.202077111440144510.1001/jamaneurol.2020.268732609336
     [Google Scholar]
  10. CardinaleF. CiprandiG. BarberiS. BernardiniR. CaffarelliC. CalvaniM. CavagniG. GalliE. MinasiD. del GiudiceM.M. MoscheseV. NovembreE. ParavatiF. PeroniD.G. ToscaM.A. TrainaG. TripodiS. MarsegliaG.L. AmatoD. AnaniaC. AnastasioE. AntignaniR. ArasiS. BaldassarreM. BaldoE. BarbalaceA. BarniS. BettiF. BianchiA. BolzacchiniE. BoniniM. BottauP. BozzettoS. BrighettiM.A. CaimmiD. CaimmiS. CalzoneL. CancriniC. CaminitiL. CapataG. CapraL. CapristoC. CarboniE. CarellaF. CastagnoliR. ChiappiniE. ChieraF. ChinellatoI. ChiniL. CiprianiF. CivitelliF. ComberiatiP. ContiniD. CorrenteS. CravidiC. CrisafulliG. CuomoB. D’AuriaE. D’EliosS. DecimoF. Della GiustinaA. Delle PianeR.M. De FilippoM. De VittoriV. DiaferioL. Di CiccoM.E. Di MauroD. DuseM. FedericiS. FeliceG. FenuM.G. FerranteG. FotiT. FranceschiniF. GhiglioniD. GiardinoG. GiovanniniM. IndirliG.C. IndolfiC. LandiM. La TorreF. LeoneL.M. LicariA. LiottiL. LougarisV. MaielloN. ManteccaP. MantiS. MarianiM.M. MartelliA. MastrorilliC. MastrorilliV. MontinD. MoriF. OlceseR. OttavianoG. PaglialungaC. PajnoG. ParisiG. PattiniS. PecoraroL. PelosiU. PignataC. RicciG. RicciS. RizziS. RizzoC. RosatiS. RossoP. SangerardiM. SantoroA. SarettaF. SartiL. SartorioM. SgrulettiM. SoresinaA. SfikaI. SgrullettiM. TesseN. TranchinoV. TravagliniA. VeliaM. VerduciE. VernichM. VeronelliE. VolpiS. VottoM. ZicariA.M. Consensus statement of the Italian society of pediatric allergy and immunology for the pragmatic management of children and adolescents with allergic or immunological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.Ital. J. Pediatr.20204618410.1186/s13052‑020‑00843‑232546234
     [Google Scholar]
  11. BosakM. MazurkiewiczI. KopećW.D. JagiełłaJ. WoźniakM. KasprzyckiM. SłowikA. TurajW. High prevalence of electroencephalographic frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity in patients with moderately severe COVID-19.Neurol. Neurochir. Pol.202357113113510.5603/PJNNS.a2022.006936426929
     [Google Scholar]
  12. KhairA. Intermittent frontal rhythmic discharges as an electroencephalogram biomarker of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated encephalopathy in children.Cureus20211310e1914910.7759/cureus.1914934868783
     [Google Scholar]
  13. FinkE.L. RobertsonC.L. WainwrightM.S. RoaJ.D. LovettM.E. StulceC. YacoubM. PoteraR.M. ZivickE. HollowayA. NagpalA. WellnitzK. CzechT. EvenK.M. de CarvalhoB.W. RodriguezI.S. SchwartzS.P. WalkerT.C. MiñoC.S. DervanL.A. GeneslawA.S. SewellT.B. PryceP. SilverW.G. LinJ.E. VargasW.S. TopjianA. AlcamoA.M. McGuireJ.L. RojasD.J.A. MuñozJ.T. HongS.J. MullerW.J. DoerflerM. WilliamsC.N. DruryK. BhagatD. NelsonA. PriceD. DapulH. SantosL. KahoudR. FrancoeurC. AppavuB. GuilliamsK.P. AgnerS.C. WalsonK.H. RasmussenL. JanasA. FerrazzanoP. MoellerF.R. SnooksK.C. ChangC.C.H. YunJ. SchoberM.E. Prevalence and risk factors of neurologic manifestations in hospitalized children diagnosed with acute sARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.Pediatr. Neurol.2022128334410.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.12.01035066369
     [Google Scholar]
  14. KhanS. SiddiqueR. HaoX. LinY. LiuY. WangX. HuaL. NabiG. The COVID-19 infection in children and its association with the immune system, prenatal stress, and neurological complications.Int. J. Biol. Sci.202218270771610.7150/ijbs.6690635002519
     [Google Scholar]
  15. GaleaM. AgiusM. VassalloN. Neurological manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19.Neurol. Res.202244757158210.1080/01616412.2021.202473234986754
     [Google Scholar]
  16. TheoharidesT.C. KempurajD. Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-Induced Activation of Microglia and Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Neuro-COVID.Cells202312568810.3390/cells1205068836899824
     [Google Scholar]
  17. CasabiancaM. CaulaC. TitomanlioL. LenglartL. Neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the pediatric population.Front Pediatr.202311112334810.3389/fped.2023.112334836865695
     [Google Scholar]
  18. DixE. RoyK. COVID-19: Brain effects.Psychiatr. Clin. North Am.202245462563710.1016/j.psc.2022.07.00936396269
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Di RosaG. LenzoP. ParisiE. NeriM. GuerreraS. NicoteraA. AlibrandiA. GermanòE. CaccamoD. SpanòM. TortorellaG. Role of plasma homocysteine levels and MTHFR polymorphisms on IQ scores in children and young adults with epilepsy treated with antiepileptic drugs.Epilepsy Behav.201329354855110.1016/j.yebeh.2013.09.03424183735
     [Google Scholar]
  20. AntoonJ.W. HallM. HowardL.M. HerndonA. FreundlichK.L. GrijalvaC.G. WilliamsD.J. COVID-19 and acute neurologic complications in children.Pediatrics20221505e202205816710.1542/peds.2022‑05816735949041
     [Google Scholar]
  21. SchoberM.E. PaviaA.T. BohnsackJ.F. Neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 in children: Emerging pathophysiologic insights.Pediatr. Crit. Care Med.202122765566110.1097/PCC.000000000000277433965992
     [Google Scholar]
  22. SiracusaL. CascioA. GiordanoS. MedagliaA.A. RestivoG.A. PirroneI. SaiaG.F. ColluraF. ColombaC. Neurological complications in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review of the literature.Ital. J. Pediatr.202147112310.1186/s13052‑021‑01066‑934078441
     [Google Scholar]
  23. AmoreG. SpotoG. ValentiniG. GermanòE. MidiriM. ColavitaL. ConcolinoD. GittoE. Di RosaG. NicoteraA.G. Overview of guillain-barrè syndrome.J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents202236S13810.23812/j.biol.regul.homeost.agents.202236.1S1.2
     [Google Scholar]
  24. PascarellaA. MaglioneM. LentaS. SciorioE. MancusiR. TucciC. AngrisaniF. AciernoS. CalìC. TipoV. GiannattasioA. Seizures in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Epidemiological, clinical and neurophysiological characterization.Children2022912192310.3390/children912192336553366
     [Google Scholar]
  25. SwarzJ.A. DailyS. NiemiE. HilbertS.G. IbrahimH.A. GaitanisJ.N. COVID-19 infection presenting as acute-onset focal status epilepticus.Pediatr. Neurol.2020112710.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.07.01232823139
     [Google Scholar]
  26. PerroneS. CannavòL. MantiS. RulloI. BuonocoreG. EspositoS.M.R. GittoE. Pediatric multisystem syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C): The interplay of oxidative stress and inflammation.Int. J. Mol. Sci.202223211283610.3390/ijms23211283636361640
     [Google Scholar]
  27. ShahW. HillmanT. PlayfordE.D. HishmehL. Managing the long term effects of COVID-19: Summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline.BMJ2021372136n13610.1136/bmj.n13633483331
     [Google Scholar]
  28. BourmistrovaN.W. SolomonT. BraudeP. StrawbridgeR. CarterB. Long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health: A systematic review.J. Affect. Disord.202229911812510.1016/j.jad.2021.11.03134798148
     [Google Scholar]
  29. ZiauddeenN. GurdasaniD. O’HaraM.E. HastieC. RoderickP. YaoG. AlwanN.A. Characteristics and impact of Long Covid: Findings from an online survey.PLoS One2022173e026433110.1371/journal.pone.026433135259179
     [Google Scholar]
  30. GrahamE.L. ClarkJ.R. OrbanZ.S. LimP.H. SzymanskiA.L. TaylorC. DiBiaseR.M. JiaD.T. BalabanovR. HoS.U. BatraA. LiottaE.M. KoralnikI.J. Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized COVID-19 “long haulers”.Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol.2021851073108510.1002/acn3.5135033755344
     [Google Scholar]
  31. MaoL. JinH. WangM. HuY. ChenS. HeQ. ChangJ. HongC. ZhouY. WangD. MiaoX. LiY. HuB. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.JAMA Neurol.202077668369010.1001/jamaneurol.2020.112732275288
     [Google Scholar]
  32. HelmsJ. KremerS. MerdjiH. JehlC.R. SchenckM. KummerlenC. CollangeO. BoulayC. KremerF.S. OhanaM. AnheimM. MezianiF. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.N. Engl. J. Med.2020382232268227010.1056/NEJMc200859732294339
     [Google Scholar]
  33. NalbandianA. SehgalK. GuptaA. MadhavanM.V. McGroderC. StevensJ.S. CookJ.R. NordvigA.S. ShalevD. SehrawatT.S. AhluwaliaN. BikdeliB. DietzD. NigoghossianD.C. Liyanage-DonN. RosnerG.F. BernsteinE.J. MohanS. BeckleyA.A. SeresD.S. ChoueiriT.K. UrielN. AusielloJ.C. AcciliD. FreedbergD.E. BaldwinM. SchwartzA. BrodieD. GarciaC.K. ElkindM.S.V. ConnorsJ.M. BilezikianJ.P. LandryD.W. WanE.Y. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.Nat. Med.202127460161510.1038/s41591‑021‑01283‑z33753937
     [Google Scholar]
  34. MainieriG. MontiniA. NicoteraA. Di RosaG. ProviniF. LoddoG. The genetics of sleep disorders in children: A narrative review.Brain Sci.20211110125910.3390/brainsci1110125934679324
     [Google Scholar]
  35. RubegaM. CiringioneL. BertuccelliM. ParamentoM. SparacinoG. VianelloA. MasieroS. VallesiA. FormaggioE. Del FeliceA. High-density EEG sleep correlates of cognitive and affective impairment at 12-month follow-up after COVID-19.Clin. Neurophysiol.202214012613510.1016/j.clinph.2022.05.01735763985
     [Google Scholar]
  36. EdisonP. Brain connectivity and neurological sequalae in COVID-19.Brain Connect.202111533133210.1089/brain.2021.29023.ped34100631
     [Google Scholar]
  37. AppeltA.P. SisconettoT.A. SucupiraB.K.S.M. NetoE.M. ChagasT.J. BazanR. CabralM.A. AndradeA.O. de SouzaL.A.P.S. LuvizuttoJ.G. Changes in electrical brain activity and cognitive functions following mild to moderate COVID-19: A one-year prospective study after acute infection.Clin. EEG Neurosci.202253654355710.1177/1550059422110383435635280
     [Google Scholar]
  38. FurlanisG. Buoite StellaA. BiaduzziniF. BellavitaG. FrezzaN.A. OlivoS. MenichelliA. LunardelliA. AjčevićM. ManganottiP. Cognitive deficit in post-acute COVID-19: An opportunity for EEG evaluation?Neurol. Sci.20234451491149810.1007/s10072‑023‑06615‑036749529
     [Google Scholar]
  39. BektaşG. AkçayN. BoydağK. ŞevketoğluE. Reversible splenial lesion syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in two children.Brain Dev.202143223023310.1016/j.braindev.2020.10.00233082059
     [Google Scholar]
  40. ZomboriL. BaconM. WoodH. ChatterjeeF. VenkateswaranR. LamparielloS. YoongM. Severe cortical damage associated with COVID-19 case report.Seizure202184666810.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.01433285362
     [Google Scholar]
  41. AkçayN. BektaşG. MenentoğluM.E. OğurM. SofuoğluA.İ. PalabiyikF.B. ŞevketoğluE. COVID-19–associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis–like disease in 2 children.Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.20214011e445e45010.1097/INF.000000000000329534387618
     [Google Scholar]
  42. FarleyM. ZuberiJ. COVID-19 precipitating status epilepticus in a pediatric patient.Am. J. Case Rep.202021e92577610.12659/AJCR.92577632730234
     [Google Scholar]
  43. McAbeeG.N. BrosgolY. PavlakisS. AghaR. GaffoorM. Encephalitis associated with COVID-19 infection in an 11-year-old child.Pediatr. Neurol.20201099410.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.04.01332586676
     [Google Scholar]
  44. FragosoD.C. MarxC. DutraB.G. da SilvaC.J. da SilvaP.M. JuniorM.M.A.C. TobaraM.C. SilvaC.A. DiasL. PolycarpoA.C. RichtmannR. COVID-19 as a cause of acute neonatal encephalitis and cerebral cytotoxic edema.Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.2021407e270e27110.1097/INF.000000000000314533902082
     [Google Scholar]
  45. NatarajanS. GaneshR. PalaniappanN. KannanL. SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis in an adolescent girl.Indian Pediatr.202057121186118710.1007/s13312‑020‑2080‑733318331
     [Google Scholar]
  46. AtaklaH.G. NoudohounsiH.A.C.W. BarryL.F. NoudohounsiM.M.U.D. LegbaL.D. SouareI.S. KabaF. HouinatoD.S. COVID-19 infection in known epileptic and non-epileptic children: What is the place of chloroquine sulfate? a case report.Pan Afr. Med. J.20203717710.11604/pamj.2020.37.177.2606633447332
     [Google Scholar]
  47. MadaanP. SainiL. DhirP. VikasS. BhagwatC. GoelM. SoniA. SahuJ.K. COVID-19 in children with west syndrome: An ambispective study.Indian J. Pediatr.202290875476010.1007/s12098‑022‑04201‑435708881
     [Google Scholar]
  48. KariyappaM. GovindarajanV. KommalurA. Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion in an infant with severe COVID-19 and dengue coinfection progressing to west syndrome.J. Trop. Pediatr.2021672fmab02610.1093/tropej/fmab02633998655
     [Google Scholar]
  49. JewellT. ArendtD. HaffleyK. BeversdorfA. St ClairN.E. HsuD. Encephalopathy with akinetic mutism in a child with COVID-19 infection: A case report.WMJ20221213E42E4536301657
     [Google Scholar]
  50. ScaglioneM. NapoliF. PratoG. SeverinoM. BertaminoM. SignaS. MaghnieM. An atypical case of aphasia: Transitory ischemic attack in a 13-year-old patient with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.Children20229798310.3390/children907098335883967
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Della CorteM. DelehayeC. SavastanoE. De LevaM.F. BernardoP. VaroneA. Neuropsychiatric syndrome with myoclonus after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a paediatric patient.Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg.202221310712110.1016/j.clineuro.2022.10712135030418
     [Google Scholar]
  52. KimM.G. SteinA.A. OverbyP. KleinmanG. NuomanR. GulkoE. Al-MuftiF. PisapiaJ.M. MuhC.R. Fatal cerebral edema in a child with COVID-19.Pediatr. Neurol.2021114777810.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.10.00533246133
     [Google Scholar]
  53. DugueR. Cay-MartínezK.C. ThakurK.T. GarciaJ.A. ChauhanL.V. WilliamsS.H. BrieseT. JainK. FocaM. McBrianD.K. BainJ.M. LipkinW.I. MishraN. Neurologic manifestations in an infant with COVID-19.Neurology202094241100110210.1212/WNL.000000000000965332327489
     [Google Scholar]
  54. AkbarA. AhmadS. CreedenS. HuynhH. Infant with Loeys-Dietz syndrome treated for febrile status epilepticus with COVID-19 infection: First reported case of febrile status epilepticus and focal seizures in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome and review of literature.BMJ Case Rep.20221511e25058710.1136/bcr‑2022‑25058736328362
     [Google Scholar]
  55. AkbarA. AhmadS. New-onset seizures as an acute presentation with atypical EEG findings in a previously healthy child with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection.Cureus2022143e2289910.7759/cureus.2289935399417
     [Google Scholar]
  56. MartinP.J. FelkerM. RadhakrishnanR. MR imaging findings in a neonate with COVID -19-associated encephalitis.Pediatr. Neurol.2021119484910.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.02.01233895583
     [Google Scholar]
  57. FrançoisG. CleuziouP. MichelV.Q. DerambureP. TichN.T.S. ChatonL. Acute corticosteroid responsive meningoencephalitis with cerebral vasculitis after COVID-19 infection in a thirteen-year-old.Neuropediatrics202354106807210.1055/a‑1896‑615435817356
     [Google Scholar]
  58. AljomahL. AlmedlejS. BaarmahD. AltwaijriW. AlrumayyanA. AlrifaiM.T. AlmuqbilM. AlshalaanM. Pediatrics COVID-19 and neurological manifestations: Single tertiary centre experience.eNeurologicalSci20212410035510.1016/j.ensci.2021.10035534307923
     [Google Scholar]
  59. ChengC.Y. TsaiC.H. WangH.P. ChiuW.T. HungH.C. ChiC.Y. TsaiI.J. Successful treatment of acute encephalitis and hepatitis in a child with COVID-19 infection.J. Formos. Med. Assoc.2023122218218610.1016/j.jfma.2022.11.01436610889
     [Google Scholar]
  60. UrsoL. DistefanoM.G. CambulaG. ColombaA.I. NuzzoD. PiconeP. GiacomazzaD. SicurellaL. The case of encephalitis in a COVID-19 pediatric patient.Neurol. Sci.202243110511210.1007/s10072‑021‑05670‑934668122
     [Google Scholar]
  61. ScheuermeierM. ChavesK.Q. SanabriaM.D. LazoA.H. CamposU.A. First pediatric case of autoimmune encephalitis associated with covid-19 in costa rica.Cureus20221410e3061610.7759/cureus.3061636426346
     [Google Scholar]
  62. NicolaD.P CerattoS DalmazzoC RoasioL CastagnolaE SanniaA. Concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe neurologic involvement in a late-preterm neonate.Neurology.2020951883483510.1212/WNL.0000000000010729
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Di RosaG. DicanioD. NicoteraA.G. MondelloP. CannavòL. GittoE. Efficacy of intravenous hydrocortisone treatment in refractory neonatal seizures: A report on three cases.Brain Sci.2020101188510.3390/brainsci1011088533233684
     [Google Scholar]
  64. RosaD.G. CavallaroT. AlibrandiA. MarsegliaL. LambertiM. GiaimoE. NicoteraA. BonsignoreM. GaglianoA. Predictive role of early milestones-related psychomotor profiles and long-term neurodevelopmental pitfalls in preterm infants.Early Hum. Dev.2016101495510.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.04.01227405056
     [Google Scholar]
  65. CannavòL. PerroneS. ViolaV. MarsegliaL. RosaD.G. GittoE. Oxidative stress and respiratory diseases in preterm newborns.Int. J. Mol. Sci.202122221250410.3390/ijms22221250434830385
     [Google Scholar]
  66. GranataT. BisulliF. ArzimanoglouA. RocamoraR. Did the COVID-19 pandemic silence the needs of people with epilepsy?Epileptic Disord.202022443944210.1684/epd.2020.117532759092
     [Google Scholar]
  67. AntonyA.R. HaneefZ. Systematic review of EEG findings in 617 patients diagnosed with COVID-19.Seizure20208323424110.1016/j.seizure.2020.10.01433121875
     [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X289180240329083706
Loading
COVID-19 Beyond the Lungs: Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and EEG Correlations
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 21, 81 (2025); https://doi.org/10.2174/011573398X289180240329083706
/content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X289180240329083706
/content/journals/crmr/10.2174/011573398X289180240329083706
Loading

Data & Media loading...


  • Article Type:     Review Article
Keyword(s): EEG correlates; electroencephalography; MIS-C; neuropsychiatric manifestations; pediatric population; post- COVID-19 syndrome; SARS-CoV-2

Most Cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test