Current Pediatric Reviews - Volume 19, Issue 2, 2023

Background: Prenatal Learning is a topic still debated for its existence, although the concept is well known since ancient times. Objective: The present review highlights the impact of various stimuli on learning and memory in prenatal and postnatal life. Methods: For review, various articles from preclinical and clinical studies providing early pieces of evidence of prenatal learning to date were included based on the relevancy Read More

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease in young children and a public health problem worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of atypical and fast progressive caries lesions. The aggressive form of ECC, severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), can lead to the destruction of the whole crown of most of the deciduous teeth and cause pain and sepsis, affecting the child's quality of l Read More

Background: Viral bronchiolitis is a common condition and a leading cause of hospitalization in young children. Objective: This article provides readers with an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of viral bronchiolitis, primarily due to RSV. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted in December 2021 in Clinical Queries using the key terms "acute bronchiolitis" OR “respiratory syncytial virus infection”. The s Read More

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most frequent pediatric malignancy in children, comprising 30% of all pediatric malignancies; adult ALL comprises 5% of all ALL cases, which have a 186.6 per 1 million incidence. In pediatric ALL (pALL), on which this review focuses, approximately 1 in 285 children are diagnosed with cancer before the age of 20, and approximately 1 in 530 young adults between the ages of 20 and 39 y Read More

Background: Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a developmental disorder involving extreme growth failure, characteristic facial features and underlying genetic heterogeneity. As the clinical heterogeneity of SRS makes diagnosis a challenging task, the worldwide incidence of SRS could vary from 1:30,000 to 1:100,000. Although various chromosomal, genetic, and epigenetic mutations have been linked with SRS, the caus Read More

Background: The prevalence of wheeze and asthma has risen over recent decades for all age groups, especially children. These disorders can lead to decreased quality of life, missed school, urgent care and emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and increased health care costs. Environmental exposures, including pesticide exposure, are likely a contributing factor to this increased prevalence. Objective: To evalua Read More

Aims: We correlate ultrasound, MRI, and clinical findings in neonates with suspected hypoxic ischemic injury. Background: Recent advances in neuroimaging have led to improved detection of subtle insults associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, beyond more historically described lesions such as large hemorrhages and hydrocephalus. Objective: In this study, we compare cranial ultrasound to MRI for the evaluation Read More

Aims: This case-control study was conducted to identify maternal and placental risk factors of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and fetal malnutrition. Methods: Cases comprised 104 consecutively delivered SGA neonates (determined as per INTERGROWTH- 21st standard). An equal number of next-born gestation and gender-matched appropriatefor- gestational age (AGA) neonates served as controls. Maternal risk fa Read More

Background: One of the most common problems in preterm neonates is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It has been shown antioxidants may be effective in preventing the development and progression of ROP. Considering the antioxidant properties of bilirubin, we decided to investigate the bilirubin level in neonates with ROP and compare it with healthy neonates. Methods: This case-control study was performed on VLBW ne Read More

Background & Aim of the Work: β-Thalassemia (βT) is highly prevalent in some countries like Egypt. Accurate data about actual disease prevalence and heavily prevalent geographic locations are essential to help in early detection and in setting up effective preventive programs. We aim for screening βT carriers among Egyptian high school students in the Delta region. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter stud Read More

Background: Although coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) seems to be milder in children than in adults, children may exhibit severe multisystemic involvement, supported by growing evidence of this incidence in neonates. This case report aimed to demonstrate an inflammatory response syndrome in a full-term neonate born from a 35-old-year woman infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Read More