Current Pediatric Reviews - Volume 10, Issue 4, 2014

Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for treatment-related musculoskeletal late effects. Early detection and orthopedic intervention can help ameliorate musculoskeletal late effects and prevent subsequent complications. This systematic review summarizes the literature describing associations between cancer, its treatment, and musculoskeletal late effects. We searched PubMed and Web of Science for English lang Read More

Late preterm infants are defined as those born between 340/0 and 366/7 weeks of gestation. This population represents a growing proportion of preterm deliveries and traditionally has been neglected as thought to behave similarly to term infants. However, studies in the last decade have shown that they are vulnerable not only during the first few weeks of life but also later on in infancy and childhood. The aim of this revie Read More

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe hepatopathy characterised by female preponderance, hypertransaminasaemia, elevated levels of immunoglobulin (IgG), presence of serum autoantibodies and, histologically, by interface hepatitis. AIH occurs both in adults and children, being particularly aggressive in the latter. According to the type of serum autoantibodies, AIH can be differentiated in two forms: one positive f Read More

The association of rhinitis with asthma symptoms in children is thought to be part of the united airway disease’s theory which proposed three possible explanatory pathophysiological mechanisms: postnasal dripping, naso-bronchial reflex and systemic immune response. However, it is not clear if the relation is a co-morbid, precipitating or triggering condition or an epiphenomenon as an integrated part of the disease. In an Read More

The muscular dystrophies have been traditionally classified based mainly on clinical manifestation and mode of inheritance. Owing to the discoveries of causative genes, new terminologies derived from each gene, such as dystrophinopathy, α-dystroglycanopathy, sarcoglycanopathy and fukutinopathy, have also become common. Mutations of each gene may cause several clinical phenotypes. Some muscular dystrop Read More

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is one of the most common dermatologic diseases occurring in the mouth with an overall prevalence of 0.5 – 2.2%. Childhood OLP is rare and follows an atypical course. OLP typically presents clinically as bilateral, symmetrical, flat- topped polygonal papules and plaques that may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. The aim of this article is to present a brief review of OLP with a case report of a 7 y Read More

Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants with consequent episodes of loss of effective breathing and the bronchodilator theophylline prevents apnea and reduces the number of apneic attacks. This drug also reduces hypoxaemic episodes. Theophylline acts on the lungs, kidneys and brain. Theophylline inhibits solute reabsorption in various segments of the nephron and a marked diuresis which occurs immediately Read More

Purpose: Neonatal mastitis is a rare but challenging problem that commonly appears within the first 8 weeks after birth. Abscess formation in an infant’s breast can lead to acute complications and longterm dysfunction. To our knowledge, no publication focuses on surgical techniques and postoperative care to avoid breast scarring in neonates. We herein present our surgical approach by periareolar drainage to avoid this l Read More

Abstract: Objective: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is marked by ’the sudden death of an infant that is unexpected by history and remains unexplained after a thorough forensic autopsy and a detailed death scene investigation’. The cause is unknown. Excessive subglottic submucosal glandular tissue and excessive sulphated mucus glycoprotein in the larynges of SIDS babies have been previously reported from our inst Read More