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2000
Volume 21, Issue 27
  • ISSN: 1381-6128
  • E-ISSN: 1873-4286

Abstract

Advances in particle engineering techniques, such as spray drying, freeze drying and supercritical fluid precipitation, have greatly enhanced the ability to control the structure, morphology, and solid state phase of inhalable sized particles (1 - 5 μm) for formulation in pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI). To optimize the properties of these engineered particles for formulation in hydrofluoroalkane propellants (HFA 134a / 227) it is necessary to measure both bulk and individual particle properties before, after, and during formulation. This review examines established and recently developed methods for evaluating a variety of particle properties including but not limited to size, surface and internal morphology, chemical composition, and solid state phase. Novel methods for evaluating particle physical and chemical stability directly in propellant or similar environments are also discussed.

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/content/journals/cpd/10.2174/1381612821666150820110153
2015-08-01
2025-05-02
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  • Article Type:
    Research Article
Keyword(s): aerosols; inhalation; Particle degradation; stability; suspension
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