Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Volume 15, Issue 5, 2014

Human genome sequencing was started to solve four letter algorithm of the genome to understand the complex nature of human metabolism. However, after completion of Human Genome Project many scientists realized that sequence information alone was not sufficient to solve the biochemical mechanism of the organism through classical approaches. Non-coding parts of the genome produce small conserved ribon Read More

MiRNAs are a family of small, endogenous, and evolutionarily conserved non-coding ribonucleic acids that have been involved in the regulation of several essential, cellular, and functional processes. MicroRNAs are known to play key roles in all types of cancer and function as oncogenes (oncomirs) or tumour-suppressors in up-regulation or down-regulation processes respectively. MiRNAs have potential power to be exami Read More

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs with important functions in development, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Many studies have now shown that miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of cancers. In this study, procedures based on the relative R-squared method (RRSM) are proposed to investigate miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships between 114 miRNAs and 160 Read More

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted heightened attention for their role as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. It has become clear that miRNAs can both up- and downregulate protein expression. According to current estimates, most human genes are harboring miRNAs and/or are regulated by them. Thus miRNAs form a complex network of expression regulation which tightly interacts with known gene regulato Read More

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to regulate tumor progression and metastasis via direct interaction with target genes within cells. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the secretion of miRNAs into environment via cancer cell exosomes, called “exosomal shuttle small RNA”. Microenvironmental miRNAs are important mediators of cell-to-cell communication, and they play important roles in regulating cancer Read More

Multiple myeloma (MM) is due to the proliferation in the bone marrow of malignant plasmacells and accounts for about 10% of all hematological tumors. MM is the natural evolution of a monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance. Although the introduction of novel biological agents in the clinical practice has changed the natural history of the disease, MM remains incurable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RN Read More

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression via messenger RNA (mRNA) targeting. During the past few years several miRNA groups emerged as critical components of developmental and pathological processes, among them being cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC) specifically, numerous miRNA molecules have been identified up- or downregulated functioning as tu Read More

Despite recent advances in understanding the cancer signaling pathways and in developing new therapeutic strategies, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows grim prognosis and high incidence of recurrence. Insufficient disruption of oncogenic signaling and drug resistance are the most common causes of tumor recurrence. Drug resistance, intrinsic or acquired, represents a main obstacle in NSCLC therapeutics by limitin Read More

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules which do not code for proteins, but control the expression of a significant proportion of the genome. The microRNA expression differences of normal and malignant tissue, as well as the differences in various tumor entities qualify this RNA species as biomarker for cancer patients. The detection of microRNAs in various bodily fluids stimulated research, and it was demonstra Read More

miR-128 has been associated with cancer, particularly with leukemia. In particular, this miR has been described, together with other miRs, to allow the discrimination between AML (acute myeloid leukemia) and ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia). In addition, miR-128 is included in miR signatures which not only allow characterizing a particular subtype of AML but are also associated with worse clinical outcome in a subgr Read More

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the endogenous noncoding RNAs, are involved in carcinogenesis. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the common cancer in head and neck. Whether miRNAs can be used in the diagnosis of LSCC is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify whether miRNAs could be use as potential biomarkers for LSCC diagnosis. The expression levels of miR-21, miR-106b and miR-375, in LS Read More