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Volume 20, Issue 6
  • ISSN: 1573-4129
  • E-ISSN: 1875-676X

Abstract

Background

Carbamide peroxide (CP) is a hydrogen peroxide derivative bonded with urea. It is a solid substitute for liquid hydrogen peroxide in the chemical, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, mainly as a disinfectant and bleaching application. However, it has an unstable nature, and there are scant studies on CP thermal analysis.

Objective

This study focuses on CP thermal analysis and degradation behavior.

Methods

CP was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transformed infrared, diffraction by X-ray, as well as, thermal and photodegradation was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer.

Results

CP was characterized with a sharp endothermic event (88.50°C; ΔH= -643.20 J.g-1), and a thermal decomposition behavior in a four-steps process. The pattern diffraction presented sharp peaks at 2θ: 15.2, 25.1 and 26.°C The plot obtained by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis showed a linear relation with temperature in two steps. The first step the activation energy values was = 45.73 J.mol-1.K-1. The thermal degradation recovery was 3.29% after 5 days, and 11.31% against 97.4% under the dark control to photostability.

Conclusion

The study contributed to characterizing the CP and the results suggest that degradation depends on the surface transition state and the ternary formed system (CP-urea-water) and that the temperature influenced this system. The data were obtained through quick and easy techniques, which use wispy raw material and presented a significant result that can be used by the entire industry in the development of new formulations.

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2024-07-01
2024-10-18

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/content/journals/cpa/10.2174/0115734129305540240702114124
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Characterization of Carbamide Peroxide: Stability Studies, and Degradation Kinetics under Isothermal Conditions for Industrial Application
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 20, 444 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129305540240702114124
/content/journals/cpa/10.2174/0115734129305540240702114124
/content/journals/cpa/10.2174/0115734129305540240702114124
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Carbamide peroxide; kinetics; photostability; stability studies; thermal analysis; thermostability

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