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image of Diagnostic Biochemical Changes Identified in a Cohort of Patients with Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) Disease

Abstract

Background

SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with inflammatory, metabolic, haematological, and immunological changes, which contributed to the increase in morbidity and mortality.

Objective

To illustrate changes in some biomarkers (ESR, ferritin, CRP, D. dimer, ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea) during COVID-19 and their predictive value in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in rural and urban areas in which sophisticated tests were not available.

Materials and Methods

The study includes 154 COVID-19 patients with positive RT-PCR. Sixty age and sex-matched individuals were included as controls. The study was conducted during the period from 23rd July 2021 to the end of December 2021. The subjects with a history of liver diseases, pregnant women, an age of less than 18, and chronic renal failure were excluded. The informed consent was taken from each individual before their enrolment in the study. The study was performed in compliance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Venous blood samples were collected from both groups and tested for determination of creatinine, urea, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D dimer, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) using a Mindray BS 240 chemical auto-analyzer.

Results

The mean serum values were significantly higher (P= 0.01 – 0.001) in COVID-19 patients as compared to matched controls for creatinine, blood urea, ALT, AST, ESR, LDH, D- dimer, ferritin, and CRP. In addition, the mean serum levels of ALT, AST, ESR, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and CRP were higher than the values of normal ranges. Although, creatinine and urea mean serum values were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients, their mean values were within the normal range values. ESR was highly significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with ALT, AST, LDH, urea, ferritin, and CRP. While LDH was highly significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, ferritin, and CRP. Also, D. dimer was significantly highly correlated with ferritin, and CRP. Serum ferritin was highly significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, LDH, D. dimer, and CRP. While CRP was highly significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, LDH, D. dimer, and ferritin.

Conclusion

ESR, CRP, Ferritin, D. dimer, LDH, AST, ALT, urea, and Creatinine levels in venous blood were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared with controls. Sex- influenced serum levels of C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea in this study cohort. Serum levels of tested biomarkers may be useful in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in primary healthcare centres, especially in rural areas in developing countries.

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2025-01-28
2025-04-14

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/content/journals/covid/10.2174/0126667975338846241228101450
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Diagnostic Biochemical Changes Identified in a Cohort of Patients with Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) Disease
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975338846241228101450
/content/journals/covid/10.2174/0126667975338846241228101450
/content/journals/covid/10.2174/0126667975338846241228101450
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: ALT ; AST ; ferritin ; D. dimer ; COVID-19 ; LDH ; CRP ; ESR ; blood urea and creatinine ; SARS-CoV-2

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