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The emergence of COVID-19 has highlightedthe issue of secondary fungal infections, such as COVID-19-Associated invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA), in critically ill patients. Continuous use of therapies employing steroids and immune-modulating agents has increased the risk of co-infections resulting from fungi, further weakening the respiratory systems of patients and leading to complex situations such as multi-organ failure and elevated mortality. The increasing occurrence of antifungal resistance in Aspergillus strains has made the management of these infections challenging, highlighting the need for novel and effective antifungal agents. Plants and their bioactive compounds offer promising alternatives to conventional antifungal medications. Phytochemicals such as 1,8-cineole from Eucalyptus, thymol from commercial extracts, and cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon have demonstrated significant antifungal activities by targeting fungal cell walls, membranes, and gene expression. Additionally, compounds like eugenol from cloves and citral from lemongrass exhibit potent antimicrobial effects by disrupting cellular integrity. However, challenges such as variability in phytochemical content, limited clinical data, and potential drug interactions must be addressed. This review explores the potential of plant-based medicines for treating aspergillosis, emphasizing the need for further research to validate their effectiveness, safety, and optimal dosages through clinical studies.
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