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image of The Association Between COVID-19 Vaccination Among Pregnant Women and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background and Aim

Limited data exist regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy. Despite some studies supporting vaccine safety and efficacy in pregnant women, hesitancy persists. Hence, this study aims to evaluate vaccination effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in vaccinated pregnant women compared to unvaccinated controls.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive literature search in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus without any time restrictions up to September 2023. We used specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords related to COVID-19, pregnancy, neonatal outcomes, and vaccination. Studies without control groups, lacking neonatal outcome data, or not in English were excluded. Data on preterm births, small for gestational age, NICU admissions, low APGAR scores, and low birth weights were extracted and analyzed using statistical methods to pool odds ratios and assess heterogeneity and publication bias.

Results

Finally, 27 studies were included in our final analysis. Vaccinated mothers exhibited a lower prevalence of preterm birth, with a pooled OR of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.87, p-value < 0.01). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of SGA between the two groups, with a pooled OR of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.07, p-value = 0.77). There was no significant difference in NICU admissions between the two groups, with a pooled OR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.32, p-value = 0.57). Conversely, unvaccinated mothers had a significantly higher prevalence of low 5-minute APGAR scores, with a pooled OR of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.98, p-value = 0.02), and low birth weight, with a pooled OR of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.97, p-value = 0.02).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in the odds ratio of preterm birth, low birth weight, and low APGAR scores among those who received COVID-19 vaccination. However, we did not find a significant link between COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of NICU admission or the SGA.

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2024-12-30
2025-01-31

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The Association Between COVID-19 Vaccination Among Pregnant Women and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bentham Science Publishers ; https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975288369241224102510
/content/journals/covid/10.2174/0126667975288369241224102510
/content/journals/covid/10.2174/0126667975288369241224102510
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  • Article Type:     Research Article
Keywords: vaccination ; Neonatal outcomes ; pregnancy ; COVID-19
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