An Overview of Recent Advances in Hantzsch's Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,4- Dihydropyridines: A Class of Prominent Calcium Channel Blockers

Among all the heterocyclic scaffolds, 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHPs) is an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds possessing prominent therapeutic effects, which play an essential role in pharmaceutical chemistry. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have proven to be an invaluable tool for swiftly synthesizing large and structurally diverse molecules from simple starting materials. The chemists have discovered a large number of new MCRs for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine. The synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridine via multicomponent reaction is an efficient procedure in terms of delivering adequate structural diversity, which is essential for the process of discovering new 1,4-DHPs compounds and their therapeutics.1,4-dihydropyridines are well-known L-type calcium channel blockers. This review aims to study and summarize the recent developments in the multicomponent synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and their fused analogs that act as potent antihypertensive drugs. The findings of this study will prove to be an invaluable resource for researchers in the areas of heterocyclic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and drug design.