Facile Synthesis of Organic Compounds in PEG, ScCO2 and H2O: A Review

Green solvent is a topic of increasing attention in modern chemistry because of the consciousness of the effect of solvents on air quality, energy usage, pollution, and continuous climate change. Over the past few years, remarkable progress has been made to accomplish these goals by giving interest in sustainable synthesis. For sustainable development, continuous efforts have been put forward for addressing these issues and the chemical approaches are now analysed for the usage of solvents. Realizing solvent property is a crucial area of green chemistry, and therefore the solvents were categorized by their handling techniques, ecological, and healthiness (ESH) features. The focus of this ranking is to help the researchers in choosing their reaction solvent efficiently, keeping in mind the ESH values of the solvents and discouraging them from using environmentally harmful and toxic solvents which are commonly used in laboratories. In this review article, we are trying to consider various synthetic methodologies of the most protuberant sustainable solvents such as polyethylene glycol, supercritical CO2, and water. We herein examine not only the chemical reactions but also represent the mechanism and synthetic utility of each class of solvent inside the background of the reactions for which it is used, but also documented the widespread substrate scope of the reaction. A broad range of economic and environmental factors are also demonstrated, giving a wider display of the current status of sustainable solvent research and development.