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2-Isothiocyanatobenzonitrile (ITCB) and isocyanatobenzonitrile (ICB) represent versatile difunctional building blocks containing a nitrile and an isothiocyanate or an isocyanate function, respectively. The present review provides an account of the chemistry of ITCB and ICB. This includes a number of one-pot cyclizations which provide a convenient access to a variety of pharmacologically important heterocycles.