Thiophene-based Solar Cell. A Review

In recent years, perovskite solar cells, which use a hybrid inorganic-organic material, have also made remarkable progress and achieved a rapid increase in efficiency. The organic materials used are usually small conductive molecules, polymers or oligomers. The fused thiophenes, polythiophenes and olithiophenes used for this purpose are presented. The condensed thiophene-based small molecule for DSSCs shows important properties such as simplicity of synthesis and purification methods, well-defined and reproducible structures, but low power conversion efficiencies. Polymers of thiophene for DSSCs show high power conversion efficiencies, especially in ternary systems, even >19%; however, they have poor long-term stability because of the molecular size and packing properties of the polymer chains. Oligomers of thiophene for DSSCs have good long-term stability but low power conversion efficiencies.