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- Volume 9, Issue 4, 2010
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders) - Volume 9, Issue 4, 2010
Volume 9, Issue 4, 2010
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Commentary
By Frank HirthAge-related neurodegenerative diseases represent a growing socio-economic burden to developed societies due to an increased life-expectancy and the lack of effective treatments. The pathological hallmarks of the majority of these diseases, including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are proteinaceous inclusions and the progressive loss of neurons. These inclusions are characterised by β-sheet-rich fibrilla Read More
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Editorial [Hot topic: Transgenic Animal Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases (Guest Editor: Stephen D. Skaper)]
More LessHuman neurodegenerative diseases are devastating illnesses that predominantly affect elderly people, and represent a tremendous unmet medical need. Consider, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Memory progressively fails, complex tasks become even more difficult, and oncefamiliar situations and people suddenly appear strange, even threatening. Over years, afflicted patients lose virtually all abilities and succumb to Read More
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The Usefulness and Challenges of Transgenic Mouse Models in the Study of Alzheimer's Disease
More LessAlzheimer's disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a devastating cognitive decline. The disease is identified pathologically by amyloid plaques composed of aggregated amyloid-β peptide, neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated, hyperphosphorylated tau protein and neuron loss. While the disease was first described in 1906, transgenic mouse models for the study Read More
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APP Transgenic Mouse Models and their Use in Drug Discovery to Evaluate Amyloid-β Lowering Therapeutics
More LessA critical requirement in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics is a demonstration of the in vivo efficacy of compounds in pre-clinical disease relevant models. One of the most frequently used models in AD research are transgenic mice overexpressing mutant forms of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) that are associated with early-onset familial AD. These mice exhibit an age-dependent accumul Read More
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Transgenic Mouse Models of Tauopathy in Drug Discovery
Authors: W. Noble, D.P. Hanger and J.-M. GalloTauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the central nervous system, and are the major cause of dementia in later life. Considerable advances have been made in developing mouse models that recapitulate, to varying extents, the development of human tau pathology, and the learning and memory deficits characteri Read More
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Insights from Mouse Models to Understand Neurodegeneration in Down Syndrome
Authors: Cristina Fillat, Mara Dierssen, Maria Martinez de Lagran and Xavier AltafajIndividuals with trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome (DS), develop a clinical syndrome including almost identical neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) observed in non-DS individuals. The main difference is the early age of onset of AD pathology in individuals with DS, with high incidence of clinical symptoms in the late 40- early 50 years of age. The neuropathology of AD in persons Read More
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Oxidative Stress and Altered Mitochondrial Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons From Mouse Models
Authors: J.C. Fernandez-Checa, A. Fernandez, A. Morales, M. Mari, C. Garcia-Ruiz and A. ColellOxidative stress has been consistently linked to ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases leading to the generation of lipid peroxides, carbonyl proteins and oxidative DNA damage in tissue samples from affected brains. Studies from mouse models that express disease-specific mutant proteins associated to the major neurodegenerative processes have underscored a critical role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of t Read More
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Transgenic Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease and Huntington's Disease
Authors: Stephen D. Skaper and Pietro GiustiParkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by a profound and selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Another neurodegenerative disorder, Huntington's disease (HD), is characterized by striking movement abnormalities and the loss of medium-sized spiny neurons in the striatum. Current medications only provide symptomatic relief and fail t Read More
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The Role of Phosphorylation in Synucleinopathies: Focus on Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Nadia Cavallarin, Mattia Vicario and Alessandro Negroα-Synuclein is a soluble, natively unfolded protein that is highly enriched in the presynaptic terminals of neurons in the central nervous system. Interest in α-synuclein has increased markedly following the discovery of a relationship between its dysfunction and several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. The physiological functions of α-synuclein remain to be fully defined, although recent data sugge Read More
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α-Synuclein- and MPTP-Generated Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease and the Study of Extracellular Striatal Dopamine Dynamics: A Microdialysis Approach
The classical animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) rely on the use of neurotoxins, including 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 6-hydroxydopamine and, more recently, the agricultural chemicals paraquat and rotenone, to deplete dopamine (DA). These neurotoxins elicit motor deficits in different animal species although MPTP fails to induce a significant dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rats. In th Read More
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Unraveling the Complexity of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Advances from the Transgenic Mutant SOD1 Mice
Authors: M. Peviani, I. Caron, C. Pizzasegola, F. Gensano, M. Tortarolo and C. BendottiAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), which accounts for the majority of motor neuron disorders, is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease leading to complete paralysis of skeletal muscles and premature death usually by respiratory failure. About 10% of all ALS cases are inherited, with the responsible genes having been identified in approximately 30% of these individuals. Mutations in the copper-zinc supe Read More
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Drosophila melanogaster in the Study of Human Neurodegeneration
By Frank HirthHuman neurodegenerative diseases are devastating illnesses that predominantly affect elderly people. The majority of the diseases are associated with pathogenic oligomers from misfolded proteins, eventually causing the formation of aggregates and the progressive loss of neurons in the brain and nervous system. Several of these proteinopathies are sporadic and the cause of pathogenesis remains elusive. Heritable forms are Read More
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 24 (2025)
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Volume 23 (2024)
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Volume 22 (2023)
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Volume 21 (2022)
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Volume 20 (2021)
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Volume 19 (2020)
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Volume 18 (2019)
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Volume 17 (2018)
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Volume 16 (2017)
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Volume 15 (2016)
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Volume 14 (2015)
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Volume 13 (2014)
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Volume 12 (2013)
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Volume 11 (2012)
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Volume 10 (2011)
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Volume 9 (2010)
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Volume 8 (2009)
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Volume 7 (2008)
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Volume 6 (2007)
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Volume 5 (2006)
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A Retrospective, Multi-Center Cohort Study Evaluating the Severity- Related Effects of Cerebrolysin Treatment on Clinical Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Dafin F. Muresanu, Alexandru V. Ciurea, Radu M. Gorgan, Eva Gheorghita, Stefan I. Florian, Horatiu Stan, Alin Blaga, Nicolai Ianovici, Stefan M. Iencean, Dana Turliuc, Horia B. Davidescu, Cornel Mihalache, Felix M. Brehar, Anca . S. Mihaescu, Dinu C. Mardare, Aurelian Anghelescu, Carmen Chiparus, Magdalena Lapadat, Viorel Pruna, Dumitru Mohan, Constantin Costea, Daniel Costea, Claudiu Palade, Narcisa Bucur, Jesus Figueroa and Anton Alvarez
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