Current Neurovascular Research - Volume 13, Issue 1, 2016

Acetylcholine (ACh) is the main mediator associated with the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway. ACh plays an inhibitory role in several inflammatory conditions. Sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome characterized by bacterial dissemination and overproduction of inflammatory mediators. The aim of the current study was to investigate the participation of endogenous ACh in the modulation of inflammatory resp Read More

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a general pathophysiological condition occurring in vascular dementia (VaD) associated with negative impact on cognitive functions. Ryanodine as well as cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptors (RyRs and CysLT1Rs) are extensively present in the central nervous system, where they participate in regulation of cognition, motivation, inflammation and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this Read More

Diabetes is associated with deficits in memory and cognitive functions and sustained inflammation. Recently, involvement of NF-ΚB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) has been postulated in many cognitive functions, immune system and inflammation. Despite of role of NF-ΚB in inflammation, a large gap remains in understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of NF-ΚB activation in the central Read More

Diabetes mellitus is considered as a main risk factor for vascular dementia. In the past, we have reported the induction of vascular dementia (VaD) by experimental diabetes. This study investigates the efficacy of a nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker and pioglitazone in the pharmacological interdiction of pancreatectomy diabetes (PaD) induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and subsequent VaD in rats. Attentional set shifti Read More

In patients with severe carotid artery stenosis, the effects of carotid artery reopening, achieved either by carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS), on cognitive functions remain elusive. Herein, we conducted a prospective study to determine whether and to what extent CEA and CAS affected cognitive performance. Patients admitted to the Department of Neurology or Vascular Surgery in Nanjing First Ho Read More

Although about 80% of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis have a good prognosis, some patients develop severe complications and a small proportion do not survive. The study included patients who had been diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in our hospital from May 2008 to February 2014. Based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months for outcome, the patients were divided into t Read More

Cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by periventricular white matter (WM) changes and general brain atrophy. SVD is prevalent in elderly individuals and is frequently associated with the development of vascular dementia (VaD). Studies of the molecular basis of SVD are sparse. We have to gain further insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of SVD. Therefore, we compared gene expression patterns in the brain Read More

Some inflammatory proteins, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin (PG) E2 are hypothesized to be implicated in the development of moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the functional roles of COX-2/PGE2 in the pathogenesis of MMD remain elusive. In this study, tiny pieces of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and superficial temporal artery (STA) were surgically harvested from 18 adult MMD patients and 5 surgical Read More

The association between chronic kidney disease and spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke is seldom reported. We performed this study to identify whether reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with spontaneous HT in acute ischemic stroke patients, and examine whether the association depends on stroke etiology. Patients diagnosed with acute ischemi Read More

Bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) ligation in rabbits is a model for basilar terminus (BT) aneurysm formation. We asked if this model could be replicated in rats. Fourteen female Sprague Dawley rats underwent bilateral CCA ligation (n=8) or sham surgery (n=6). After 7 days, 5 ligated and 3 sham rats were euthanized for histological evaluation of BT aneurysm formation, while the remaining rats were imaged with magnetic r Read More