Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Physical Activity Level in Adolescents During the Lockdown in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study in Greek Island of Rhodes

Background: Nutrition is involved in various ways in the 17 distinct SDGs of the United Nations Agenda 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic is testing the world, threatening health, nutrition, education, and social protection. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the adolescents’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet that attended senior high school in the Greek city of Rhodes during the lockdown period. Methods: In this cross-sectional, observational study, the sample of the research was 227 students aged 11-15 years old, who self-reported their weight and height and completed validated questionnaires for their nutritional attitudes. Results: The percentages of students who were overweight/obese were 22.5% of the total sample (17.2% overweight and 5.3% obese) according to the IOTF (International Obesity Taskforce) cutoffs and 30.4% (21.6% overweight and 8.8% obese) according to the WHO (World Health Organization) cutoffs. The average KIDMED score of the sample was medium (6.00) and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet of the sample needs improvement. Conclusion: Results support a shift from the traditional Mediterranean diet to more unhealthy eating patterns. Adolescents' limited physical activity mainly on weekdays was reported, and further research could examine the role of distant education in this behavior. Policies and strategies targeting the students’ population are essential for adolescents’ nutrition education and the improvement of their dietary habits toward the sustainable Mediterranean diet, during the specific circumstances of covid pandemic.