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- Volume 20, Issue 3, 2024
Current Nanoscience - Volume 20, Issue 3, 2024
Volume 20, Issue 3, 2024
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A Systematic Review on Pesticide-loaded Nanocapsules: A Sustainable Route for Pesticide Management to Enhance Crop Productivity
Synthetic pesticides, crucial compounds for agricultural production, degrade quickly and damage the environment, hence solutions for their decreased usage or formulations with prolonged efficacy at low dosages are needed. Nanotechnology for nanosized formulations may reduce pesticide adverse effects. Nano-encapsulated pesticides made from nanocapsules, nanoemulsions, micelles, and nanogels outperform traditional pesticides with minimum environmental impact. Nanopesticides allowed target-based administration to decrease leaching and drainage into water bodies, and lower pesticide active component dosages. Nanocapsules with a core-shell configuration and a pesticide in the core are the most advantageous nanomaterials. Nanocapsules shield the active component. Stimuli-responsive nanocapsules may limit pesticide release by responding to pH, temperature, light, enzyme, or redox reactions. Toxicity prevents their use. This review discusses the latest developments in nanocapsule fabrication methods, their relevance, contemporary synthetic approaches to developing pesticide-loaded nanocapsules, and the features of these nanocomposites, with an emphasis on sustainable agricultural applications.
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NBTI Effect Survey for Low Power Systems in Ultra-Nanoregime
Authors: Kajal and Vijay K. SharmaBackground: Electronic device scaling with the advancement of technology nodes maintains the performance of the logic circuits with area benefit. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices are the fundamental blocks for building logic circuits. Area minimization with higher efficiency of the circuits motivates the researchers of very large-scale integration (VLSI) design. Moreover, the reliability of digital circuits is one of the biggest challenges in VLSI technology. A major issue in reliability is negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation. NBTI affects the efficiency and reliability of electronic devices.Methods: This paper presents a review of NBTI physical-based mechanisms. NBTI's impact on VLSI circuits and techniques has been studied to mitigate and compensate for the effect of NBTI.Results: This review paper presents an idea to relate the NBTI and leakage mitigation techniques. This study gives an overview of the efficiency, complexity, and overhead of NBTI mitigation techniques and methodologies.Conclusion: This survey provides a brief idea about NBTI degradation by using reliability simulation. Moreover, the extensive aging effect is discussed in the paper.
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Review on the Encapsulation, Microencapsulation, and Nano- Encapsulation: Synthesis and Applications in the Process Industry for Corrosion Inhibition
Authors: Jotiram Gujar, Sanjay Patil and Shriram SonawaneBackground: Surfaces of materials often corrode and deteriorate due to environmental conditions. There are various widely used methods of reducing corrosion rates to increase the lifetime of materials and equipment. Recently, there has been a growth in the use of nanotechnology to protect metals against corrosion. The application of nano-encapsulation techniques in the process industry is one of the important eras of nanotechnology. This review paper focuses on encapsulation, microencapsulation, and nano-encapsulation methods, emphasizing nanoencapsulation applications as corrosion inhibitions in the process industry.Methods: Materials based on the self-healing mechanism were used in advanced applications such as structures, batteries, and coatings. These technologies may be studied in two ways: compounds with intrinsic self-healing properties and extrinsic self-healing materials with additives such as microcapsules filled with healing agents. Nano-coatings have advantages, like accelerated ground hardness, adhesive energy, long-time period and/or high-temperature corrosion resistance, tribological residence enhancement, etc. Nano-coatings can also be carried out in thinner and smoother layers, considering flexibility, accelerated performance, decreased fuel costs, and smaller carbon footprints, as well as occasional maintenance. The review of corrosion characteristics of polymeric nanocomposite material was discussed in this paper.Results: This review paper presents an updated overview summarizing the latest advances in the various micro/nanocarriers used for self-healing corrosion protective coatings.Conclusion: With this information, the investigators will be able to modify the structure of the inhibitor to get the necessary corrosion inhibition capabilities. The need for a physical examination is rising as a result.
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A Review on the Application of Nanofluids in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Manjakuppam Malika and Shriram SonawaneOil mobility has been a significant issue since the recovery of a heavy crude reservoir. It is determined by two factors: oil rheological properties and penetrability. Nanofluids (NFs) are a distinct class of engineered fluids characterized by the dispersion of nanoparticles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) into a working fluid. They are divided into groups based on physicochemical characteristics, including nanoparticle morphology, and thermal and rheological properties. The well-known nanofluids composed of metal (e.g., ZrO2) and ceramic (e.g., SiO2) had the best physicochemical performance in terms of oil mobility. This chapter examines the inundation of metal and nonmetal based nanofluids as a new enhanced oil extraction (EOR) method for extracting primary and secondary oil from more than 45% of confined reservoir fluids. Furthermore, new developments in the utilization of these materials on EOR approaches to combat significant interfacial adhesion across sandstone and fluid interfaces are summarized.
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Photocatalytic Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water using Metal Oxide-based Nanoparticles
Authors: Rajashekara Rakshitha, Rajesh Chethan and Nagaraju PallaviWater contamination resulting from industrial and anthropogenic activities is a major problem in many countries throughout the world. Effective water treatment technologies are necessary to address this issue. Emerging pollutants (EPs) are reaching the aquatic environments from point and diffuse sources constantly. These are the substances that are not regularly monitored, yet have the potential to infiltrate the environment and harm the ecosystem and human health. Because of their ecological and sustainable properties, interest in improved photocatalytic technologies based on metal oxide-based nanomaterials has grown tremendously over the years to address this water contamination. Pollutant degradation, water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen reduction, and microbial inactivation are just a few of the applications of photocatalysis. However, to maintain its environmentally favourable status, new solutions must be found to assure long-term viability. Here we review, emerging organic pollutants, conventional water treatment, advanced oxidation methods, photocatalytic mechanisms, photocatalyst support materials, synthesis, and characterization of metal oxides and metal oxide nanoparticles in the removal of emerging contaminants. The purpose of this review is to reach a broader readership by giving a simple comprehension of the fundamentals and advances of metal-oxide-driven photocatalysis for environmental clean-up.
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Current Expansion of Silver and Gold Nanomaterials towards Cancer Theranostics: Development of Therapeutics
Authors: Pawan Gupta, Kritigya Mishra, Amit K. Mittal, Neha Handa and Manash K. PaulNanomaterial-based therapeutics is an emerging tool for the treatment of numerous types of cancer. Various types of polymeric, lipid and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) result in a wider series of applications in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. The NPs properties are due to high surface area to volume ratio, surface plasmon resonance, absorption in the visible spectrum and light scattering. These unique characteristics of NPs arise due to their optical surface properties for conjugation/surface modification and smaller size. In cancer therapeutics, NPs based products are used as a biomarker for early detection/diagnosis of tumours, drug nano-conjugates for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumour-specific site, chemo-protective agents, etc.Furthermore, other advantages of NPs are biocompatibility, lesser toxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effect, higher stability, and specific targeting with a selective accumulation of nano drugs in the tissue of the tumour. The selective targeting of NPs to tumour tissue is possible by adding surface-active targeting agents i.e., antibodies. The selective transport of drug NPs conjugates to the cancer cells is increased and extravagated due to permeable vasculature from endothelial cells gap while failing the transport of drug NPs conjugates in normal cells. This review emphasizes metallic NPs, including silver NPs (AgNPs) and gold NPs (AuNPs), which are extensively reconnoitered in various applications in cellular targeting, imaging, drug delivery, DNA-NPs conjugates for biosensor/point of care devices development, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, protein-protein interaction, etc. In addition, this review discussed different synthetic methods of AgNPs and AuNPs and characterization methods. Furthermore, it highlighted the different properties and applications of AgNPs and AuNPs in cancer theranostics.
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Recent Progress in the Composites of Perovskite Nanocrystals and II-VI Quantum Dots: Their Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects
Authors: Qiaoyun Wu, Rongrong Hu, Bobo Yang, Wenfang Peng, Mingming Shi, Yuefeng Li, Lin Cheng, Pan Liang and Jun ZouThe remarkable photoelectric characteristics of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), including high fault tolerance, tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission, and high carrier mobility, contribute to making them especially attractive for photonic and optoelectronic applications. Unfortunately, the poor environmental thermal and light stability set obstacles to their industrial applications. Over the past 40 years, II-VI semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have achieved many important photophysics findings and optoelectronic applications. Compared with perovskite NCs, II-VI semiconductor QDs still have a relatively weaker molar absorbance coefficient. Whereas, significant enhancement of both the stability and the optical performance of the composites of perovskite NCs and II-VI QDs are of interest for photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. The composites of perovskite NCs and II-VI QDs come in two primary types: core/shell structures and heterojunction structures. To better understand the composites of perovskite NCs and II-VI QDs, the approaches of synthesis methods, their optoelectronic properties, carrier dynamics and potential applications in solar cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors are summarized. Furthermore, the unmet problems and the potential applications are also presented.
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Carbon Nanoparticles Promoted the Absorption of Potassium Ions by Tobacco Roots via Regulation of K+ Flux and Ion Channel Gene Expression
Authors: Zhenjie Zhao, Huaxin Dai, Guiyao Wang, Yuhan Peng, Fu Liao, Jizhong Wu and Taibo LiangBackground: The regulatory effects of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) on plant growth and their potential applications in agriculture have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers. CNMs have been shown to promote nutrient absorption and increase plant growth. However, the mechanisms by which CNMs affect plant growth and nutrient absorption are still unknown.Methods: The tobacco seedling biomass, potassium (K+) concentration, and accumulation in hydroponic were investigated to exposure of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). To directly observe the effect of CNPs on K+ uptake by roots, we employed a noninvasive micro-test technique (NMT) to detect the net flux of K+ on the surface of tobacco roots. The K+-depletion experiment was carried out to explore the kinetic characteristics of K+ absorption, and qRT-PCR was used to monitor the expression levels of the K+ channel gene.Results: The results showed that tobacco seedling biomass significantly improved at 10 mg·L-1 CNP treatments, and K+ concentration and accumulation both in roots and shoots increased with 10 and 20 mg·L-1 CNPs. CNP treatments changed the flow rate of K+ from efflux to influx in tobacco roots; this was observed both in plants cultivated in a CNP-containing medium and after the addition of CNPs to previously untreated plants. A depletion test also showed that CNPs improved the K+ absorption capacity and low-K+ tolerance of tobacco seedlings.Conclusion: CNPs enhanced the K+ absorption capacity and low-K+ tolerance of tobacco seedlings. The promotion of K+ absorption by CNPs was closely related to the activation of K+ influx channel genes and inhibition of the K+ outflow channel gene. The K+ flux response and ion channel gene expression to CNPs in plants reveal the mechanism whereby CNPs promote plant nutrient absorption.
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Evaluation of the Adsorptive Performance of Rambutan-shaped γ-Al2O3 Micro-nanostructure against Wastewater Containing the Azo Dye: Methyl Orange
Authors: Zheng Ju, Jing Xu, Jingui Zhang, Jing Kong and Ming ShenAim: The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate the possibility of rambutan-shaped micro-nanostructured γ-Al2O3 material's usage as an adsorbent in industrial wastewater processing.Background: Every year, more than 7 million tons of dyestuff-containing wastewater are produced in the industry. Although there are many adsorbents like fly ash and clays, the shortages limit their actual applications. It is still necessary to find a new cheaper adsorbent.Objective: The paper aimed to investigate the adsorption capacity and decolorization ability of rambutan- shaped γ-A2O3 material synthesized via a composite soft template method.Methods: The rambutan-shaped γ-Al2O3 material was prepared and characterized via XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, and FT-IR (See our group's published article in "Ming Shen*, et al., Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 2013, 29 (10), 2286-2294"). The methyl orange aqueous solution was selected as the model of industrial wastewater. The methyl orange solution (15.0 mg·L-1) with different pH (2∼9) was exposed to a series of amounts of γ-Al2O3 powder ranging from 10.0 to 70.0 mg. Different concentrations of methyl orange solution, ranging from 5.0 to 200.0 mg·L-1 were also tested with the same amount of γ-Al2O3 powder (50.0 mg). The adsorption-calcination cycle analysis was performed with methyl orange solution (50.0 mg·L-1) and 500.0 mg of γ-Al2O3 powder at pH=3.Results: The γ-Al2O3 material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity (114.10 mg·g-1) towards acidic methyl orange aqueous solution. At the same time, the decolorization rate of the γ-Al2O3 material reaches about 88%. This material still keeps a 50% decolorization rate after 6 repeats of the adsorption- calcination cycle. Moreover, the excellent self-sedimentation ability of this material also provides an easy separation for future industrial applications.Conclusion: The γ-Al2O3 material with rambutan-like micro-nanostructure presents excellent adsorption capacity/decolorization ability and self-sedimentation ability. It can be used as a new type of adsorbent for wastewater processing. The rambutan-shaped micro-nanostructure plays an important role in maintaining the adsorption ability of the γ-Al2O3 material.
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Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Ultrasmall Silver Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Deionized Water
Authors: Sarwin Y. Hussein and Tariq Abdul-Hameed AbbasBackground: The main objective of this work is the synthesis and evaluation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by using pulsed laser ablation of a silver (Ag) target in deionized water and examining their antibacterial activity.Methods: Colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles were prepared with different pulsed laser energies (620, 880, and 1000) mJ of wavelength 1064 nm and frequency 10 Hz. To determine their structure, optical, morphology, elemental composition, and infrared spectra, the synthesized Ag NPs were characterized using various high-throughput analytical techniques such as (UVVis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microgram (TEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and Zeta potential.Results: The results show that the properties of synthesized Ag NPs depend much more on the laser energy. The laser energy can be used to control the properties of the prepared nanoparticles. Uniform distributions of spherical ultrasmall Ag NPs with an average size of (3) nm were obtained suspended in deionized water, which is the most effective size for antibacterial activity. However, the result indicated that the ablated Ag NPs were stable for 4 months in deionized water. The antibacterial activity of the colloidal solution of synthesized Ag NPs against Gramnegative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria was then examined using the agar-well diffusion method.Conclusion: It was found that the prepared nanoparticles exhibited strong activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria growth. The average zones of inhibition of Ag NPs were found to be about (26) mm for E. coli and (32) mm for S. aureus bacteria.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 20 (2024)
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Volume 19 (2023)
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Volume 18 (2022)
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Volume 17 (2021)
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Volume 16 (2020)
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Volume 15 (2019)
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Volume 14 (2018)
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Volume 13 (2017)
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Volume 12 (2016)
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Volume 11 (2015)
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Volume 10 (2014)
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Volume 9 (2013)
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Volume 8 (2012)
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Volume 7 (2011)
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Volume 6 (2010)
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Volume 5 (2009)
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Volume 4 (2008)
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Volume 3 (2007)
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Volume 2 (2006)
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Volume 1 (2005)