Current Molecular Pharmacology - Volume 15, Issue 3, 2022

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), which is associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in most cases, is a unique epithelial malignancy arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. Accumulating evidence is providing insights into the genetic and molecular aberrations that likely drive nasopharyngeal tumor development and progression. We review recent analyses of microRNAs (miRNAs), including Epstein-Barr vi Read More

Skeletal muscles are considered the largest reservoirs of the protein pool in the body and are critical for the maintenances of body homeostasis. Skeletal muscle atrophy is supported by various physiopathological conditions that lead to loss of muscle mass and contractile capacity of the skeletal muscle. Lysosomal mediated autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasomal system (UPS) concede the major intracellular systems of mu Read More

Hypoxia, a common feature of malignant tumours, is mainly caused by insufficient oxygen supply. Hypoxia is closely associated with cancer development, affecting cancer invasion, metastasis, energy metabolism, and other pathological processes, and is not conducive to cancer treatment and prognosis. Tumour cells exacerbate metabolic abnormalities to adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment, especially to enh Read More

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), previously known as battle fatigue syndrome or shell shock, is a severe mental disturbance condition that is normally triggered by the experience of some frightening/scary events or trauma where a person undergoes some serious physical or mental harm or threatened. PTSD is a long-life effect of the continuous occurrence of traumatic conditions, leading to the production of feelings of he Read More

The discovery of the mysterious dark matter of the genome expands our understanding of modern biology. Beyond the genome, the epigenome reveals a hitherto unknown path of key biological and functional gene control activities. Extraordinary character-P element wimpy testis-induced (PiWi)-interacting RNA (piRNA) is a type of small non-coding RNA that acts as a defender by silencing nucleic and structural invaders. Pi Read More

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation were the main cancer treatment approaches for several years but due to their limited effectiveness, there was a constant search for new therapeutic approaches. Cancer immunotherapy that utilizes and enhances the normal capacity of the patient's immune system was used to fight a Read More

The alterations in vascular homeostasis are deeply involved in the development of numerous diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetic complications. Changes in blood flow and endothelial permeability caused by vascular dysfunction are the common mechanisms for these three types of diseases. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism can bring changes in the energy production patterns in endotheli Read More

Background: Gastric Cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy tumor and the third cause of cancer-related death around the world. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies play an active role in tumor therapy. A recent study reveals that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is negatively correlated with T-cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby influencin Read More

Background and Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer- related death globally, with a high incidence rate in economically fast-growing countries. Sphingosine- 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator that plays critical roles in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis converted by the isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SK1 and SK2). SK1 is highly expressed in colorectal cance Read More

Background: We previously tested two angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and two dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for dual enzyme inhibitory effect. Only two DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin and sitagliptin, were able to inhibit ACE. Objective: In the present study, we investigated if other inhibitors of ACE or DPP-4 could simultaneously inhibit the activities of both DPP-4 and ACE. Methods: Forty Sprague Read More