Therapeutic Effects of Berberine against Urological Cancers: Biological Potentials Based on Cellular Mechanisms

Background: Urological cancers, encompassing prostate, kidney, and bladder cancers, pose significant global health challenges. Current treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, individually or in combination, have limitations in efficacy and are associated with notable morbidity and mortality. Methods: This review explores alternative therapeutic avenues, emphasizing the exploration of natural compounds, with a specific focus on berberine. Berberine's potential as a treatment for urological cancers is investigated through an extensive examination of cellular and molecular mechanisms. Results: The comprehensive analysis reveals promising anticancer properties associated with berberine, substantiated by a wealth of experimental studies. The agent's impact on urological cancers is discussed, highlighting notable findings related to its efficacy and safety profile. Conclusions: Given the high mortality rates and potential side effects associated with current standard treatments for urological cancers, the exploration of alternative, effective, and safer options is imperative. This review underscores berberine's therapeutic potential, shedding light on its anticancer effects and encouraging further research in the pursuit of enhanced treatment strategies.