Skip to content
2000
Volume 29, Issue 22
  • ISSN: 0929-8673
  • E-ISSN: 1875-533X

Abstract

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a long-term, degenerative, and neurological disease in which a person loses control of certain body functions. The formulation of novel effective therapeutics for PD as a neurodegenerative disease requires accurate and efficient diagnosis at the early stages. Objective: Analyzing data gathered by measurable signals converted from biological reactions allows for qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Among various approaches reported so far, biosensors are powerful analytical tools that have been used in detecting the biomarkers of PD. Methods: Biosensor’s biological recognition components include antibodies, receptors, microorganisms, nucleic acids, enzymes, cells and tissues, and biomimetic structures. This review introduces electrochemical, optical, and optochemical detection of PD biomarkers based on recent advances in nanotechnology and material science, which resulted in the development of high-performance biosensors in this field. Results: PD biomarkers such as α-synuclein protein, dopamine (DA), urate, ascorbic acid, miRNAs, and their biological roles are summarized. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the usual standard methods are reviewed. We compared electrochemical, optical, and optochemical biosensors' properties and novel strategies for higher sensitivity and selectivity. Conclusion: The development of novel biosensors is required for the early diagnosis of PD as sensitive, rapid, reliable, and cost-effective systems.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0929867328666211213111812
2022-07-01
2025-06-15
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/content/journals/cmc/10.2174/0929867328666211213111812
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test