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Lexitropsins are modular polyamide molecules that are designed to read the base sequence of DNA. Lexitropsins constructed of three types of subunits-pyrrole, imidazole and hydroxypyrrole-allow full recognition of DNA base sequences. Structural studies have revealed the atomic basis of this specificity. Theoretical studies have explored the effectiveness of lexitropsins in targeting a given sequence within a genome, and have been used to analyze and improve lexitropsin design.